Effect of Fungicides and Herbicides against Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii Exner Causing Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight in maize (Zea mays L.)

Abstract

Nine fungicides, one antibiotic and four herbicides including both systemic and non systemic were screened against Rhizoctonia solani f.sp. sasakii Exner (Thanatephorus sasakii (Shirai) Tu and Kimbrough causing Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight (BLSB) in maize. All the 27 isolates of R. solani from maize and one from rice were found to be highly sensitive to systemic fungicides propiconazole, hexaconazole, tebuconazole and carbendazim which showed cent % mycelial inhibition followed by new molecules i.e. cabriotop, metiram and pyraclostrobin at recommended and half the recommended concentrations. The isolate RS 28 from rice showed 78.88 and 90.00; 76.16 and 83.33% inhibition with respect to cabriotop and metiram at recommended and half the recommended concentrations, respectively. Among the non systemic fungicides mancozeb was relatively inhibitorier than thiram. Mancozeb at recommended concentration showed 72.22 % inhibition of mycelial growth in virulent isolates RS11 and RS12 from Khammam district. At recommended concentration validamycin, completely inhibited the radial growth of the isolates RS 4, RS 22, RS 24 and RS 27 while 80.00% inhibition in rice isolate. Among the herbicides tested, systemic herbicide pendimethalin was highly effective with per cent inhibition in all the isolates except for the isolate RS12 from Yellandu mandal of Khammam district at half the recommended concentration. While the remaining herbicides i.e. atazine, 2,4-D and paraquat exhibited differential reaction indicating variability among the isolates at both the concentrations tested. The rice isolate reacted in a similar way as that of maize isolates against different fungicides and herbicides tested.

Kemampuan Pseudomonas spp. Pendar fluor dan Bacillus spp. Dalam mengendalikan penyakit hawar pelepah jagung

“…Karena besarnya kerugian yang dapat ditimbulkan, maka upaya pengendalian penyakit hawar pelepah jagung sangat diperlukan. Pengendalian penyakit hawar pelepah selama ini masih menggunakan pestisida sintetis (Madhavi et al, 2021). Namun demikian, penggunaan pestisida sintetis untuk mengendalikan patogen tular-tanah seringkali tidak efektif dan efisien, dikarenakan patogen telah tahan atau patogen target mampu membentuk struktur istirahat (Soesanto, 2009).…”

New Germplasms for Resistant Sources against Turcicum Leaf Blight Disease in Maize (Zea mays L.)

“…Maize had highest genetic yield potential and is commonly called as queen of cereals. One of the main deterrents to high grain yield in maize is its susceptibility to several diseases" [1]. "It is the third most important cereal crop next to rice and wheat in India.…”

“…Diseases in maize are decreasing the yield from 28% to 91%. Maize has a notable productive potential among the cereals" [1]. "In India, Maize is grown in an area of 10.04 million hectares with a production of 333.62 million tonnes and productivity of 3349kg/ha or 3.349 t/ha.…”

Identification of Maize (Zea mays L.) Germplasms for Resistant Sources against Turcicum Leaf Blight Disease

“…Maize the third most important cereal crops in the world's agricultural economy had highest genetic yield potential and is commonly called as queen of cereals. One of the main deterrents to high grain yield in maize is its susceptibility to several diseases (Madhavi et al, 2018). It is the third most important cereal crop next to rice and wheat in India.…”