Effect of Galacto-mannan-oligosaccharides or Chitosan Supplementation on Cytoimmunity and Humoral Immunity in Early-weaned Piglets

Abstract

Immunomodulatory feed additives might offer alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters in pig production. This experiment was designed to determine the effects of dietary galacto-mannan-oligosaccharide (GMOS) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) supplementation on the immune response in early-weaned piglets. Forty 15-day-old piglets (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) with an average live body weight of 5.6±0.51 kg were weaned and randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups that were fed maize-soybean meal diets containing either basal, 110 mg/kg of lincomycin, 250 mg/kg of COS or 0.2% GMOS, respectively, over a 2-week period. Another six piglets of the same age were sacrificed on the same day at the beginning of the study for sampling, in order to obtain baseline values. Interleukin (IL)-1β gene expression in peripheral blood monocytes, jejunal mucosa and lymph nodes, as well as serum levels of IL-1β, IL-2 and IL-6, IgA, IgG, and IgM, were evaluated for 5 pigs from each group at 15 and 28 days of age. The results indicate that weaning stress resulted in decreases in serum antibody and cytokine levels. Dietary supplementation with GMOS or COS enhanced (p<0.05) IL-1β gene expression in jejunal mucosa and lymph nodes, as well as serum levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IgA, IgG and IgM compared to supplementation with lincomycin. These findings suggest that GMOS or COS may enhance the cell-mediated immune response in earlyweaned piglets by modulating the production of cytokines and antibodies, which shows that GMOS or COS have different effects than the antibiotic on animal growth and health.

Effects of dietary supplementation of chitosan on immune and antioxidative function in beef cattle

“…IL-1) microenvironment (Schley and Field 2002). The study showed that CHI enhanced the serum level of IL-1 and its gene expression in lymph nodes and jejunal mucosa compared to supplementation with lincomycin in early-weaned piglets (Yin et al 2008). The sCD4 and sCD8 in peripheral blood represented the soluble form of CD4 + and CD8 + , which could reflect the activation of T cells (Uehara et al 2003).…”

“…Lim et al (1997) showed that concentrations of IgG, IgA, and IgM in mesenteric lymph node (MLN) lymphocytes were generally higher in rats fed CHI than in those fed cellulose. Furthermore, dietary supplementation of CHI in piglets increased serum immunoglobulins and recouped a loss which was caused by early weaning (Yin et al 2008;Li et al 2013). Xiao et al (2013) added 50 mg/kg chlortetracycline or 300 mg/kg CHI in the diet of weaned piglets and showed that the expression of jejunal mucosal secretory IgA (sIgA) protein was higher in the CHI group than in both control and chlortetracycline groups, which indicated CHI could improve the intestinal mucosal immune function.…”

Effect of Chitosan Supplemented Diet on Survival, Growth, Feed Utilization, Body Composition &amp; Histology of Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

“…Chitosan is a natural alkaline polysaccharide with positive charges, and also one of the most abundant natural polymers [5]- [7]. As a nontoxic, biodegradable carbohydrate polymer [8] it contains amino and hydroxyl groups per residue [9] which gives chitosan many biological activities, such as haemostatic [10], anti-inflammatory [11], antitumor activity [12] [13], antimicrobial activity [15], hypoglycemic and hypo cholesterolemic activity [16] [17] and an immune-stimulatory effect [18] [19].…”

Effects of chitosan on nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and mRNA expression in weaned piglets

“…Chitosan has been shown to be an ideal additive to promote systemic and mucosal immune functions of animals. Yin et al (2008) indicated that chitosan might enhance the doi: 10.17221/8405-CJAS cell-mediated immune response in early-weaned piglets by modulating the production of cytokines and antibodies. Porporatto et al (2005) found that the uptake of chitosan involved the antigenpresenting cells in the intestinal of rats after oral administration, and this mucoadhesive polysaccharide profoundly affected intestinal immunity by enhancing the T helper cell type 2 (Th2)/Th3 microenvironment in the mucosa.…”