Effect of gallic acid on the larvae of Spodoptera litura and its parasitoid Bracon hebetor

Abstract

The antibiosis effect of gallic acid on Spodoptera litura F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its parasitoid evaluated by feeding six days old larvae on artificial diet incorporated with different concentrations (5 ppm, 25 ppm, 125 ppm, 625 ppm, 3125 ppm) of the phenolic compound revealed higher concentration (LC50) of gallic acid had a negative impact on the survival and physiology of S. litura and its parasitoid Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera:Braconidae). The mortality of S. litura larvae was increased whereas adult emergence declined with increasing concentration of gallic acid. The developmental period was delayed significantly and all the nutritional indices were reduced significantly with increase in concentration. Higher concentration (LC50) of gallic acid adversely affected egg hatching, larval mortality, adult emergence and total development period of B. hebetor. At lower concentration (LC30) the effect on B. hebetor adults and larvae was non-significant with respect to control. Gene expression for the enzymes viz., Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione peroxidase, Peroxidase, Esterases and Glutathione S transferases increased while the total hemocyte count of S. litura larvae decreased with treatment. Our findings suggest that gallic acid even at lower concentration (LC30) can impair the growth of S. litura larvae without causing any significant harm to its parasitoid B. hebetor and has immense potential to be used as biopesticides.

Insecticidal and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Leaf/Bark Extracts, Fractions, Seed Oil and Isolated Compounds from Triadica sebifera (L.) Small against Aphis craccivora Koch

“…The residual toxicity of the isolated compounds against A. craccivora showed that gallic acid was most effective (LC 50 = 1303.68 mg/L) against A. craccivora , followed by shikimic acid and quercetin-3- o -glucoside, as compared to kaempferol-3- o -glucoside. The present results on the efficacy of gallic acid were confirmed with that of Punia et al [ 47 ], who reported that gallic acid at 3125 mg/L incorporated in a diet fed to the larvae of S. litura showed 70% larval mortality, adult emergence, and a delayed developmental period. In the current study, quercetin and kaempferol also showed toxicity against aphids, and these results were also confirmed with findings of earlier studies where kaempferol and quercetin from methanolic extract of Buddleja albiflora Hemsl.…”

Altitudinal Variation of Metabolites, Mineral Elements and Antioxidant Activities of Rhodiola crenulata (Hook.f. & Thomson) H.Ohba

“…Combined with previous studies [ 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 ], we suggest that the downregulation of gallic acid and its derivatives in Rhodiola crenulata rhizomes with elevation may be related to changes in biotic stress and UV intensity changes with elevation.…”

Impact of caffeic acid on growth, development and biochemical physiology of insect pest, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)

“…chlorogenic acid, gallic acid and syringic acid along with hydroquinone that occurred in the red gram's seed coat extract had inhibitory effects on the growth and development of S. litura . Similar to this, S. litura larvae showed decreased emergence of adult and higher larval mortality when fed an artificial diet including phenolics such as ellagic, gallic, and ferulic acids [ [34] , [35] , [36] ]. According to Steinly and Berenbaum [ 37 ], tannin damages the Papilo polyxenes (F.), a swallowtail caterpillar, by causing regressive lesions in its intestines.…”