Effect of gamma irradiation on properties of ultrafine rubbers as toughening filler in polybenzoxazine

Taewattana, Rapiphan; Jubsilp, Chanchira; Suwanmala, Phiriyatorn; Rimdusit, Sarawut

doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.02.002

Cited by 18 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In order to confirm the crosslinking of UFPNR upon the radiation, the molecular properties of UFPNR were analyzed by using infrared spectroscopy. As shown in Figure 3 a, infrared spectra of un-radiated and radiated UFPNR had a similar characteristic, which agreed well with previous reports [ 6 , 7 ]. The effect of radiation dose was observed as the intensities of the peaks at 1650 and 840 cm −1 , corresponding to C=C stretching vibration and =CH—out of plane bending of NR, respectively, decreased with increased radiation dose.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The enhancement of the gel fraction and the diminishing swelling ratio at higher radiation dose were due to the increase in insoluble polymer fraction in UFPNR [ 24 ]. This phenomenon was attributed to the increased inter-molecular crosslink in UFPNR [ 7 , 25 ]. The plot in Figure 2 b confirmed the increased crosslinking of UFPNR at higher radiation dose, as it showed a decrease in molecular weight between the crosslink of UFPNR.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of radiation dose was observed as the intensities of the peaks at 1650 and 840 cm −1 , corresponding to C=C stretching vibration and =CH—out of plane bending of NR, respectively, decreased with increased radiation dose. The result suggested that the double bond was consumed as NR was crosslinked and transformed into a networking structure upon the radiation process [ 6 , 7 , 29 ]. The crosslinking mechanism of NR upon radiation has been proposed in a previous report [ 6 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incorporation of functionalized nanomaterials is another approach to NR vulcanization [ 5 ]. Radiation vulcanization is becoming more favorable than the two conventional techniques as it possesses many promising advantages, namely a high degree of crosslinking, no oxidative degeneration in polymer, less energy consumption as it is operated at room temperature, and inherently clean technology [ 6 , 7 ]. In the process of radiation vulcanization, NR molecules absorb radiation energy, in which NR radicals are generated by radiolysis of NR molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The obtained product is called ultrafine fully vulcanized powdered natural rubber (UFPNR). The material has demonstrated a promising application as a toughening modifier in polymer matrix [ 7 ]. Research and development on UFPNR is being continually carried out to improve its properties for use as a toughening modifier in polymer matrices at the industrial level, with competitive performance compared to petroleum-based ultrafine fully vulcanized powdered rubber (UFPR) from styrene-butadiene, nitrile–butadiene, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Effects of Coagent Functionalities on Properties of Ultrafine Fully Vulcanized Powdered Natural Rubber Prepared as Toughening Filler in Rigid PVC

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ultrafine fully vulcanized powdered natural rubber (UFPNR) has a promising application as a renewable toughening modifier in polymer matrices. In this work, the effects of acrylate coagents, which had different amounts of functional groups, on properties of UFPNR produced by radiation vulcanization and spray-drying was systematically investigated for the first time. Dipropylene glycol diacrylate (DPGDA), trimethylol propane trimethaacrylate (TMPTMA), and ditrimethylol propane tetraacrylate (DTMPTA) were used as coagents with two, three, and four acrylate groups, respectively. The radiation in the range of 250 to 400 kGy and coagent contents of up to 11 phr were used in the production process. Physical, chemical, and thermal properties of the UFPNR were characterized by swelling analysis, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The properties of UFPNR produced by using different type and content of coagents were compared and discussed. The results revealed that UFPNR with the smallest particle size of 3.6 ± 1.1 μm and the highest thermal stability (Td5 = 349 °C) could be obtained by using DTMPTA, which had the highest amount of functional group. It was proposed that the coagent with the greater number of acrylate groups enhanced the crosslinking of natural rubber as it had more reactive groups. Finally, an application of UFPNR as a toughening filler in rigid PVC was demonstrated with 34% improvement of impact strength.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effects of Coagent Functionalities on Properties of Ultrafine Fully Vulcanized Powdered Natural Rubber Prepared as Toughening Filler in Rigid PVC

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Excellent antioxidizing, thermally insulating and flame resistance silica‐polybenzoxazine aerogels for aircraft ablative materials

Xiao

Liu

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High‐performance thermal protective composites with lightweight, micro‐ ablation and high‐efficient thermal insulation are urgently required for thermal protection systems in advanced hypersonic speed vehicles. However, the practical applications of thermal protective composites have long been hampered by the main issues such as low mass residual rate and poor long‐term antioxidation of the matrix in high‐temperature aerobic environments. Here, we report a novel silica‐polybenz oxazine (SiO2‐PBO) aerogels with interpenetrated networks, possessing the ability to antioxidation, thermal insulation, and flame‐retardant properties. The resulting SiO2‐PBO aerogels exhibit low density (0.25 g/cm3), low thermal conductivity (0.035 W/(m·K)), and superior peak heat release rate value (15.3 W/g). Moreover, the mass residual rate is up to 70.46 wt% in the N2 atmosphere and remains 57.83 wt% despite existing in the air atmosphere and experiencing the highest temperature of 800°C. Briefly, SiO2‐PBO aerogels as‐prepared could be a potential matrix for a new gene ration of high‐performance thermal protective composites in the future.

show abstract

Simulation, design and synthesis of polybenzoxazine with different main‐chain structures and properties: A comparative study

Shen

Lin

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In order to explore effective strategies to fabricate main-chain polybenzoxazine (PBZ) thermosetting resin for structural material applications, here, five PBZ with different molecular structures, that is, poly(Co-ddm), poly(Co-BPA-ddm-Co) main , poly(Ph-BPA-ddm-Co) main , poly(Ph-BPA-ddm-Ph) main and poly(Ph-ddm) were designed, synthesized and compared by introducing unsaturated fatty chains through the Mannich reaction with cardanol. The structure and properties of five PBZ with different structure were systematically investigated by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), NMR, water absorption and mechanical tests. FTIR and NMR tests indicated that five PBZ with different molecular structures were successfully synthesized. The mechanical tests indicated that the impact strength of the double-capped cardanol-based main-chain PBZ was 243% higher than that of the traditional PBZ. The water absorption of main-chain PBZ was higher than that of diamine PBZ, and the water absorption of poly(Ph-BPA-ddm-Co) main was the lowest in the main-chain PBZ. Based on the experimental results, five PBZ amorphous cells with different structures were successfully established. It indicated that the main chain PBZ showed better thermomechanical properties than the traditional diamine PBZ due to high crosslinking conversion and hydrogen bond density. Moreover, the modulus and glass transition temperature of the main chain structure containing unsaturated fatty chains did not decrease significantly.

show abstract

Effect of gamma irradiation on properties of ultrafine rubbers as toughening filler in polybenzoxazine

Cited by 18 publications

References 29 publications

Effects of Coagent Functionalities on Properties of Ultrafine Fully Vulcanized Powdered Natural Rubber Prepared as Toughening Filler in Rigid PVC

Effects of Coagent Functionalities on Properties of Ultrafine Fully Vulcanized Powdered Natural Rubber Prepared as Toughening Filler in Rigid PVC

Excellent antioxidizing, thermally insulating and flame resistance silica‐polybenzoxazine aerogels for aircraft ablative materials

Simulation, design and synthesis of polybenzoxazine with different main‐chain structures and properties: A comparative study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About