Effect of gamma radiation on morphological changes and vegetative growth in sunflower (<em>Helianthus annuus</em> L.)

Abstract

Changes in the genetic structure through gamma radiation of the plant can produce physiologically and bio-chemically efficient plant type with respect to increase production and attractiveness. For mutation breeding, scientists use gamma radiation to produce effective plant types. Beforehand, an effective range of radiation should be identified for possible suitable mutational effect. In this context, the present study was conducted to determine the effective doses of gamma radiation for mutational breeding of sunflower (H. annuus L.) on vegetative growth performances. Sunflower seeds were exposed to different doses of gamma radiation (0 Gy, 100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy and 500 Gy) as treatments. The experiment was laid out in the Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with six treatments in four replications. Each replication comprised ten plants in field. Treating the sunflower seeds with gamma radiation has a significant (p<0.05) effect on the tested parameters except on germination percentage. Untreated plants with gamma radiation and plants treated with lower doses of gamma radiation (100 and 200 Gy) showed comparable values in percentage survival as 100%, 94.5% and 92.5%, respectively. LD50 value was recorded as 440 Gy. In the first two weeks of growth, untreated plants and plants treated with 100 Gy with gamma radiation showed similar values in a number of leaves and plant height. Later in the 4 th and 6 th week highest values were found where plants were not exposed to gamma radiation. A reducing trend in values in the measured variables has been observed with the increase in gamma radiation doses. The lowest values in all observations were recorded by the seeds exposed to 500 Gy, which is the highest dosage used in this experiment. The plants treated with the dosages higher than 100 Gy exhibited misshapen, deformed and abnormalities in leaves compared to the control, but the changes were not persisted. Hence, it could be suggested that exposing the sunflower seeds to gamma radiation dose has caused the negative effects on vegetative growth performances. Further, exposing sunflower seeds close to 440 Gy may have the potential to produce the sunflower variations especially dwarf plant stature with desired characteristics and optimum survival for domestication in future studies.

Impact of Cobalt-60 Gamma Irradiation on Growth, Development, and Morphology of <em>Acalypha hispida</em> (Cat&rsquo;s Tail Plant)

“…As mentioned by Rifnas et al (2020), when the Allamanda cathartica plants exposed to different doses of gamma radiation, morphological changes were observed in early growth stages but it was not persisted in later stages and leaves showed general morphology.…”

“…Acalypha hispida stem cutting type (Hardwood) with three nodes were separated and propagated using the technique described by Rifnas et al (2020). The different doses of gamma irradiation were applied to rooted cuttings that were 6 weeks old.…”

“…Increase in radiation According to research done by Lu et al (2007) on Narcissus tazetta, the survival rate drastically declined as the radiation dose increased. An experiment on Allamanda cathartica by Rifnas et al (2020) indicated that, lethality effects of gamma radiation on plants were observed in the second week after exposure to radiation treatments. An increase in the dose of gamma radiation reduced the survival rate of the plants and treated plants showed complete lethality at eight weeks after radiation treatment.…”

“…A study of Allamanda cathartica by Rifnas et al (2020) indicated that plants that were not exposed to gamma radiation gave the highest value of plant height. A shorter internode length caused the reduction in plant height.…”

Vigor and Viability Testing of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Local Mutant Germplasm of Padang Pariaman through Gamma Irradiation

“…Sinar gamma merupakan radiasi pengion dengan daya tembus yang kuat dan membentuk radikal bebas ketika berinteraksi dengan air dan oksigen temuan (Rifnas et al 2020;Kiani et al 2022;Bhat dan Hakeem, 2023). Radikal bebas yang dihasilkan cukup reaktif dan mampu bereaksi dengan molekul organik (protein, lipid, dan asam nukleat), yang menyebabkan kerusakan pada membran sel germinal (Kumar et al 2013;Navabi et al 2016dan Datta, 2023.…”