Effect of Ganglionic Blocking Agents Upon Blood Flow and Resistance in the Superior Mesenteric Artery of the Dog

Trapold, J. H.; Sullivan, Joan G.

doi:10.1161/01.res.4.6.718

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In addition, an increase in TPR to or above the predrug value invariably occurred when the aortic pressure of these animals (controlled venous return group) was mechanically reduced to a level comparable to that level produced by the same agents in the control studies. These results are in agreement with those reported 4 for the mesenteric bed of the anesthetized dog.…”

Section: Relationship Of Venous Return To Total Peripheral Resistancesupporting

confidence: 94%

“…T HE decrease in blood pressure produced by the injection of ganglion-blocking agents into man or laboratory animals is associated with an increased blood flow 1 -3 to and a decreased "vasomotor tone" 4 in certain vascular areas. However, total peripheral resistance frequently does not change or may increase.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar findings have been reported by Mover and associates. 7 Recently, we have postulated 4 that the changes in total peripheral resistance following the injection of ganglionblocking agents depends upon the continued existence of a "critical closing pressure" in various vascular beds, and the degree to which venous return and subsequently cardiac output is reduced. On this basis the effect of ganglionblocking agents upon total peripheral resistance depends on whether or not the reduced cardiac output and systemic blood pressure following their injection suffice to maintain the patency of peripheral blood vessels.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Role of Venous Return in the Cardiovascular Response Following Injection of Ganglion-Blocking Agents

Trapold

Sullivan

Hawkins

1957

Circulation Research

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The reduction of arterial pressure in anesthetized dogs following the injection of ganglion-blocking agents is dependent primarily upon a reduction in arterial vasomotor activity and secondarily upon a reduction in venous return associated with an increase in vascular capacity. When venous return is maintained at control levels, the administration of the blocking agents of this study invariably produce a decrease in total peripheral resistance (TPR). Ordinarily in the intact animal such a decrease in TPR is not observed due to a marked reduction in cardiac output which produces a secondary increase in TPR. The results of this study further suggests that the venous and arterial systems may differ in their sensitivity to the effects of ganglion-blocking agents.

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Section: Relationship Of Venous Return To Total Peripheral Resistancesupporting

confidence: 94%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Role of Venous Return in the Cardiovascular Response Following Injection of Ganglion-Blocking Agents

Trapold

Sullivan

Hawkins

1957

Circulation Research

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“…A P :F analysis was made for the superior mesenteric artery circuit in the dog by Trapold. 11 The relationship appeared quite linear in the range studied (up to 150 mm. Hg), but was not controlled from the standpoint of extrinsic (neurogenic) influences, nor possible collateral blood flow influences.…”

Section: Iiemodynamics Of Intestinal Circulationmentioning

confidence: 83%

Hemodynamics of Intestinal Circulation

Selkurt

Scibetta

Cull

1958

Circulation Research

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The pressure-flow relationship wiis studied in isolated denervated intestinal loops of the dog in n range of pressure varying from 0 to 2M) HUM. Hg. The relationship was curvilinear, tonvex to the pressure axis. Flow started at a minimal pressure of 16 nun. Hg, then increased more rapidly than pressure up to 210 mm. Hg. Critical closure, passive expansion of vessels with rising intraluminal pressure, and anomalous viscosity of blood appeared to be the important fuctoi-s influencing vascular resistance and flow in the present studies. FlO. ] . Schematic circuit showing method of measuring the P : F relationship in the isolated intestinal (ileum) loop of the dog.

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“…Hg, exhibiting a cur vilinear relationship between pressure and flow with the convexity toward the pressure axis. Trapold (369) has shown that when the perfusion pressure to the mesenteric artery is maintained at a constant level, mesenteric re sistance decreases markedly following the injection of ganglionic-blocking agents. In studies on the exchange rate of proteins between ascitic fluid and the serum, Schwartzkopff & P ickert (270) showed that Evans Blue injected into the ascitic fluid gradually diffuses into the blood so that by approxi mately the ninth day the concentration of Evans Blue in the ascites and in the plasma is nearly equal.…”

Section: Abnormalities Of the Peripheral Circulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Circulation

Guyton¹

1959

Annu. Rev. Physiol.

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During the two years since Peterson's review of the peripheral circulation in the Annual Review of Physiology (1), such a tremendous volume of litera ture on this subject has appeared that the references reviewed in the present paper have had to be selected with extreme care. Also, because the pharma cological aspects of the peripheral circulation were reviewed in the Annual Review of Physiology by Bovet & Carpi in 1957 (2), only those aspects of the pharmacology of the peripheral circulation that shed light on physiological mechanisms will be covered. This paper presents, first, the general dynamics of the peripheral circulation and then studies relating to certain peripheral circulatory diseases and regional vascular beds. BLOOD VOLUMEMeasurements.-The methods for measuring blood volume have been reviewed by Mertz (3). Especially interesting in the past two years has been the development of far more knowledge concerning the vascular-extravascu lar interchange of fluids and proteins (4 to 12), the lack of which has long been one of the major deterrents to accurate measurements of blood volume. Studies, particularly by Mayerson et al. (4, 5) and Huggins et al. (7 to 11), have shown that transfusion of large excesses of blood or other fluids into the circulation can sometimes so overstretch the capillaries that a "stretched pore phenomenon" (5) occurs, allowing excessive leakage not only of fluid into the extravascular spaces but also of large portions of the plasma pro tein. Becapse of this effect the usual dilution techniques for measuring blood volume become very inaccurate. However, by using radioactive protein, then allowing the plasma proteins to come to equilibrium with the extra vascular proteins, and finally mathematically accounting for the extra vascular portion of the proteins, it is possible to determine plasma volumes with reasonable accuracy even when proteins leak from the circulation very rapidly (4, 6). Regulation of blood volume.-Sjostrand (13), in reviewing the regulation of blood volume, points out that the basic regulatory factor is the capacity of the vascular system itself. The next factor of importance is the shift of fluids through the capillary membrane between the extravascular and vascu lar spaces. Following transfusion into a normal animal, fluid loss into the tissues begins immediately and continues until the blood volume is read justed to a normal value; and, conversely, following hemorrhage the dynam ics of capillary equilibrium cause an immediate onset of fluid transfer into 1 The survey of the literature pertaining to this review was concluded May 1,1958. 239 Annu. Rev. Physiol. 1959.21:239-270. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by University of California -San Francisco UCSF on 02/02/15. For personal use only. Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS

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Effect of Ganglionic Blocking Agents Upon Blood Flow and Resistance in the Superior Mesenteric Artery of the Dog

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

Role of Venous Return in the Cardiovascular Response Following Injection of Ganglion-Blocking Agents

Role of Venous Return in the Cardiovascular Response Following Injection of Ganglion-Blocking Agents

Hemodynamics of Intestinal Circulation

Peripheral Circulation

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