Effect of garden cress in reducing blood glucose, improving blood lipids, and reducing oxidative stress in a mouse model of diabetes induced by a high‐fat diet and streptozotocin

Abstract

BACKGROUND A mouse model in which diabetes mellitus was induced by low‐dose streptozotocin (STZ) injection combined with a high‐fat diet was used to study the effect of two water cress (Lepidium savitum) preparations. Diabetic mice were treated with dried cress powder or with water‐soluble extracts (tested at two doses), together with proper control groups. The mice were evaluated after 4 weeks of continuous intervention for type 2 diabetic and associated markers. We determined blood glucose, body weight, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), serum insulin levels, and DNA integrity of hepatic cells. The concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid peroxide (LPO) and the activities of four enzymes that are part of the antioxidant defense system were determined in liver samples, as well as gene expression (by semi‐quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) and enzyme activity of IRS‐1, IRS‐2, PI3K, AKT‐2, and GLUT4. RESULTS After 4 weeks of intervention, the levels of TC, TG, and LDL cholesterol were significantly (P < 0.5) decreased and HDL cholesterol was significantly increased. Enzyme activities of liver superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were significantly increased, whereas MDA and LPO concentrations were significantly reduced. The transcription level of the five genes assessed was increased, with corresponding increases in protein expression. CONCLUSION Oral uptake of garden cress can significantly reduce the blood glucose and improve the blood lipid metabolism of diabetic mice. Considerable improvements in the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes were observed in type 2 diabetic mice that improved the body's antioxidant emergency response. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

Characterizing the Retinal Phenotype in the High-Fat Diet and Western Diet Mouse Models of Prediabetes

“…Moreover, the typical Western diet (WD; 40% fat) has also been given to rodents to recapitulate obesity-driven pathology. However, to mimic the features of T2D, the administration of low-dose Streptozotocin (STZ) is also given to the WD mice [12][13][14].…”

Lactobacillus plantarumTWK10‐fermented soymilk improves cognitive function in type 2 diabetic rats

“…Increasing evidence has suggested that oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the development of diabetes-induced behavioral and cognitive defects. [3][4][5] The brain is highly sensitive to oxidation because of the presence of large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids and oxygen, which serve as a substrate for lipid peroxidation. The peroxidation products are the biomarkers of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases.…”

“…However, cognitive decline is also one of the complications associated with such a lifestyle and habits but it has been studied relatively less. Increasing evidence has suggested that oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the development of diabetes‐induced behavioral and cognitive defects 3–5 . The brain is highly sensitive to oxidation because of the presence of large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids and oxygen, which serve as a substrate for lipid peroxidation.…”

“…2 Moreover, excess ROS can directly lead to an increase in oxidative stress in various tissues and organs, therefore altering cell function, inflammation, and apoptosis in the kidney, liver, nerves, and vasculature. 3,4 In addition to these, T2D can cause cognitive decline. The consumption of diets high in fat is also associated with altered cognitive function, including impairment in learning and memory.…”

“…ROS initiate a chain reaction leading to reduced nitric oxide (NO) availability 2 . Moreover, excess ROS can directly lead to an increase in oxidative stress in various tissues and organs, therefore altering cell function, inflammation, and apoptosis in the kidney, liver, nerves, and vasculature 3,4 . In addition to these, T2D can cause cognitive decline.…”