Effect of Gasoline Composition on Exhaust Hydrocarbon

Kameoka, Atsushi; Akiyama, K.; Hosoi, Kenzo

doi:10.4271/941866

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Benzene, due to its major importance, has been studied more than other pollutants. Some authors, such as Kameoka,18 reported a quantitative correlation between some pollutant emissions, as well as total and individual aromatics, and the fuel content in paraffins and olefins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Gasoline Formulation on Specific Pollutant Emissions

Zervas

Montagne

Lahaye

1999

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Many recent works have dealt with the influence of fuel composition on regulated and specific pollutant emissions from spark ignition engines. While many qualitative correlations have been already proposed, only a few quantitative ones are known (benzene remains an exception).This paper describes qualitative and quantitative correlations between fuel composition and specific pollutant emissions (individual hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and organic acids) of a spark ignition engine. The aim of this work was to find the precursors of the main specific pollutants. Then, for each of them, a multilinear equation has been calculated, illustrating the correlation between its concentration in exhaust gases and its content in the fuel. The results of these calculations point out which initial compound favors the formation of a determined pollutant. As lean conditions are probably going to be used in future commercial engines, the fuel effect has been studied for a broad range of equivalence ratios (from 0.8 to 1.2).Two fuel matrixes were designed. The first one was obtained by introducing eight pure hydrocarbons (nC 6 , nC 8 , isoC 8 , 1-hexene, cyclohexane, toluene, o-xylene, and IMPLICATIONSThe topic of this paper strongly interests both refiners and car manufacturers. Besides being of scientific interest, knowing precisely which compound induces which pollutant, could enable refiners to determine which gasoline formulations provide better control of pollutant emissions, especially toxic compounds and ozone precursors. Car manufacturers could use this information to optimize engine tunings and catalyst use to reduce those emissions. Further, these works are of scientific interest, helping to improve understanding of the possible impact of regulation changes on pollutant emissions, helping refiners to improve fuel formulations, and helping all parties concerned by helping to improve air quality. ethylbenzene) in an alkylate base. The second one was formulated to test the behavior of four oxygenated compounds (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and methyl tertio-butyl ether [MTBE]).Individual unburned hydrocarbons, aldehydes, alcohols, and organic acids were analyzed according to accurate methods developed in our laboratory.Results show that benzene exhaust is mainly emitted from benzene fuel, the substituted aromatics, and, to a lesser degree, from cyclohexane; 1,3-butadiene is produced from 1-hexene or cyclohexane; and isobutene is a product of isooctane and MTBE. Exhaust toluene comes mainly from toluene fuel, but also from o-xylene and ethylbenzene fuels. Isopropylbenzene exhaust seems to be produced only from ethylbenzene fuel. Exhaust concentrations of acetaldehyde and acetone showed a strong correlation with, respectively, ethanol and isopropanol fuel contents. Methacroleine exhaust concentration was strongly correlated with the fuel's isooctane content. Benzaldehyde was produced by the aromatic fuels. Methanol was found in the exhaust gases of all the oxygenated fuels. High quantities of hexane...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The addition of oxygenated compounds such as alcohols or ethers (e.g., MTBE) to a fuel can change its exhausted pollutants. Many qualitative, but few quantitative, correlations have been established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Gasoline Formulation on Specific Pollutant Emissions

Zervas

Montagne

Lahaye

1999

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…Un seul avis diverge pour dire que l'addition de MTBE n'influence pas les HC ]. [Kameoka 1994]. D'autres composés, non aromatiques, peuvent donner du benzène [Marshall 1989], comme le cyclohexane, qui le favorise tout de même moins que les aromatiques [Petit 1993].…”

Section: • •Paramètres Physiques Du Carburantunclassified

“…-L'acétylène est favorisé par l'octane, l'isooctane, le cyclohexane, le MTBE et, contrairement aux résultats indiqués par la littérature [Kameoka 1994], l'éthylbenzène.…”

Section: Hydrocarbures Individuelsunclassified

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Etudes des mecanismes de formation des polluants specifiques emis par les moteurs a combustion interne

Zervas

Ζέρβας²

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Έχουν αναπτυχθεί μέθοδοι για την ανάλυση του διοξειδίου του θείου, αλκoολών και οργανικών οξέων. Η πρώτη περιλαμβάνει τη συλλογή του διοξειδίου του θείου σε ένα διάλυμα οξυγονωμένου νερού και ανάλυση με ιοντική χρωματογραφία με ανιχνευτή αγωγιμότητας. Η δεύτερη περιλαμβάνει τη συλλογή σε καθαρό νερό και ανάλυση με αέρια χρωματογραφία και ανίχνευση φλόγας ιονισμού. Η τρίτη μέθοδος χρησιμοποιεί τη συλλογή σε καθαρό νερό και την ανάλυση, για το μυρμηκικό οξύ με ιοντική χρωματογραφία, ενώ των άλλων οξέων με αέρια χρωματογραφία.Αυτές οι μέθοδοι εφαρμόστηκαν στην περίπτωση της ανάλυσης των μη οριοθετημένων ρύπων που εκπέμπονται από κινητήρες εσωτερικής καύσης. Ο πειραματικός σχεδιασμός περιλαμβάνει μία μήτρα καυσίμων και την ανάλυση των καυσαερίων και έχει εφαρμοστεί σε κινητήρας επιβαλλόμενης ανάφλεξης. Αποδείχθηκαν αρκετές ποιοτικές και ποσοτικές συσχετίσεις μεταξύ της σύνθεσης των καυσίμων και των εκπεμπόμενων ρύπων και βρέθηκαν οι πρόδρομες ουσίες του σχηματισμού των υδρογονανθράκων, αλδευδών, κετονών, αλκοολών και οργανικών οξέων. Τα αποτελέσματα αυτά δείχνουν ότι οι αρωματικές ενώσεις και το κυκλοεξάνιο συμβάλλουν στον σχηματισμό του βενζολίου, το 1-εξένιο και το κυκλοεξάνιο για το σχηματισμό του 1,3 βουταδιενίου, οι αρωματικές ουσίες είναι οι πρόδρομοι του προπιονικού οξέος και ο-ξυλόλιο δίνει βουτυρικό οξύ.

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