“…Due to modernization, there is a high demand of niobium and tantalum globally in superalloy materials applied in superconductors, energy, electronics, cell phones, and energy-related fields. − These two elements along with tellurium, indium, silver, dysprosium, neodymium, and molybdenum are declared as critical metals by the European Union (EU) due to their potential strategic and sustainable energy applications including nuclear, solar, wind, carbon capture and storage. , Due to high melting point and other metallurgical properties, Nb is being used in steel to improve the latter’s mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, reduction in grain boundary, and brittleness. , The high-strength low alloy steel is largely applied in the manufacturing of vehicle bodies, railway tracks, ship hulls, and oil and gas pipelines. Due to the nontoxicity and physiological inertness, Nb and its compounds exhibit large biomedical applications related to medical implantations, pacemakers, etc. − Nb-Ta-based alloy materials have largely been utilized in the manufacturing of superconducting and magnetic materials. , The biocompatibility of the Ta-based compounds have also been explored for the production of surgical clips, metal plates, screw, and support for bone growth and joining. , …”