Effect of Genistein and Oxaliplatin on Cancer Stem Cells in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Experimental Study

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:Squamous cell carcinoma is one of the malignant diseases that affect the oral cavity worldwide. One of the theories regarding oral carcinogenesis is that tumor growth is dependent on cancer stem cells. Markers specific for these cells as CD44 have been investigated in hope of developing a deeper understanding for their role in carcinogenesis. Genistein, as chemopreventive agent, has been shown to suppress the growth of several tumors. Oxaliplatin is a chemotherapeutic compound that did show a range of antitumor activity. OBJECTIVES: This research was carried out to study the effect of genistein, oxaliplatin either alone or in combination during experimentally DMBA induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis using CD44 antibody as a marker. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 young Syrian hamsters distributed into groups as follows: 4 normal animals examined for the histology of the normal pouch mucosa and 96 animals divided into; group I, as a control group, in which pouches were painted with a heavy mineral oil only; group II were painted with DMBA mixed in a heavy mineral oil. These animals were randomly divided into 4 subgroups as following: group IIA only painted with DMBA; group IIB where genistein was orally administrated; group IIC were injected with oxaliplatin; and group IID in which both genistein and oxaliplatin were given. RESULTS: Both genistein and oxaliplatin provided a significant reduction in carcinogenesis process of DMBA induced oral squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, they provided a significant decrease in the proliferation and activity of cancer stem cells as measured by the CD44 antibody. CONCLUSIONS: Genistein provides a chemoprevention role and the oxaliplatin produces a chemotherapeutic effect during the process of carcinogenesis. The combined action of both agents was better than the effect of each agent alone.

Assessment of DNA ploidy on experimentally induced hamster buccal pouch carcinoma (Histological and flow cytometric studies)

“…In accordance with the findings of this study, Mariadoss et al, (31) discovered that100% of the tumors had formed after 14 weeks of applying DMBA alone on the HBP. In contrast to the current study, Yang et al, (32) , Li et al, (33) and Hussein et al, (34) reported that OSCC induced by DMBA was seen in the examined HBPs was 53.5%,76.9% and 66.67% respectively. This discrepancy may be due to the using of different type of carcinogenic agent or technique or using old hamsters rather than the young ones.…”

Therapeutic potential of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on cancer stem cells of DMBA induced hamster buccal pouch carcinoma

“…In the current study, IHC staining of GII showed positive membranous-cytoplasmic expression of CD44 (65.51%) that was seen throughout the epithelial layers and invading tumor cells, that showed highly significantly expression compared to GI (p value < 0.001). This result is in agreement with that of other investigators (34,35) . Paulis et al (2015) (35) concluded that, CD44 expression escalated the assaultiveness of tumor cells behavior.…”

Oxaliplatin Anticancer Drug Action in Experimentally Induced Oral Carcinogenesis by Assessed Dna Flow Cytometry

“…These results did not differ much from (32,33) . This goes with the results of Hussein et al which concluded that oxaliplatin provides a curing role through the operation of oral carcinogenesis and may be employed as chemotherapeutic agent for carcinomas (34) . Further, Xu et al evinced that the oxaliplatin raised the apoptotic rate of human SCC, that designated a new target for the healing of oral neoplasms (35) .…”