Effect of genotype and contrasting climate conditions on physical and chemical characteristics of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill)

Abstract

Global warming has increased interest in growing soya in Poland. Variable weather conditions during the vegetation seasons, however, still make its cultivation potentially risky. In this study we wanted to assess how contrasting climate conditions influence on seed yield, 1000 seed weight and other important physical traits, as well as on contents of nutrients, dietary fibre constituents, trypsin inhibitor and phenolic components in nine soybean genotypes of different earliness. The field experiments were conducted in two consecutive vegetation seasons at Radzików, located in central Poland. Comprehensive seed characteristics of physical and chemical traits allowed to identify the best varieties for different end-uses, food or feed. A significant effect of variety and year of cultivation were observed for all evaluated traits. With the exception for the length of vegetation period, seed yield, seed coat and soluble non-starch polysaccharide content, significant interactions between variety and year of cultivation were found for the remaining traits. Weather conditions, such as very low precipitation with an average temperature above the multi-year average temperature in the month of July, when pod and seed is in full development, had a negative effect on all seed traits evaluated, regardless of variety earliness.

Assessment of Early, Mid-Early, and Mid-Late Soybean (Glycine max) Varieties in Northern Poland

“…It is noted that the 20Ma, 20NWU, 22Ma, and 22Wr environments and the Adessa (2), Ambella (3), Amiata (4), Aurelina (6), Mayrika (9), Nessie PZO (11), and Obelix (12) varieties had the biggest influence on the variety-environment interaction. Moreover, one can observe that the Erica variety (7) was the closest to the origin. In column three of Table 5, the AMMI-adjusted variety means are reported.…”

“…The Amiata variety (4) was the fourth most stable variety and was the most stable among Austrian varieties. The Polish Erica variety (7) was the most unstable variety.…”

“…On Figure 4 the first two interaction principal components of the 13 varieties and seven environments were plotted. It is noted that the 20Bia, 22Bia, and 22Krz environments and the Abelina (1), Adessa (2), Ambella (3), Erica (7), Obelix (12), and Sirelia (13) varieties had the biggest influence on the variety-environment interaction. Moreover, one can observe that the ES Comandor (8) and Amiata (4) varieties were the closest to the origin.…”

“…Other factors affecting the soybean cultivation include soil moisture, precipitation, and photoperiod [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Furthermore, elevated temperatures and water stresses post-flowering negatively affect plant growth [6].…”

“…Whereas the stability analysis is routinely performed for cereals or potatoes, little attention has been paid in the literature to stability of soybean traits. Boros et al [7] used the F-statistic for genotype-environment interactions, which is implemented in the Sergen program [36], as some kind of stability measure. Recently, Döttinger et al [37] used GGE biplot and the Shukla's stability variance to identify stable and well adapted varieties.…”