Effect of germination environment on the biochemical compounds and anti-inflammatory properties of soybean cultivars

Eum, Hyang Lan; Park, Yeri; Yi, Tae Gyu; Lee, Jae Woo; Ha, Keon-Soo; Choi, Ik‐Young; Park, Nam Il

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0232159

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The TPC level in taekwangkong (4.18 ± 0.24 mg GAE/g) found in this study was close to the TPC level reported by Ku et al (~3.89 GAE/g) [ 41 ] and Lee et al (3.70 mg GAE/g) [ 42 ] for the same cultivar. In a later study, Eum et al [ 43 ] showed that germination of this cultivar for 3 to 7 days in the dark could help to enhance its TPC level.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolite Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Seeds of Different Seed Coat Colors

et al. 2021

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Seed coat color is one of the main agronomical traits that determine the chemical quality of soybean seeds and has been used as a parameter during cultivar development. In this study, seeds of yellow (n = 10), greenish-yellow (n = 5), and light-yellow (n = 4) soybean accessions were evaluated for their contents of total protein, total oil, total phenolic (TPC), and five prominent fatty acids including palmitic acid (PA), stearic acid (SA), oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA), and linolenic acid (LLA), relative to a control cultivar, and the effect of seed coat color on each was investigated. Antioxidant activity was also evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The results showed significant variations of metabolite contents and antioxidant activities between the soybeans. The average TPC, DPPH-radical scavenging activity, and FRAP were each in the order of greenish-yellow > yellow > light-yellow soybeans. In contrast, light-yellow soybeans contained a high level of OA and low levels of SA, LA, and LLA, each except LA differing significantly from yellow and greenish-yellow soybeans (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that greenish-yellow and light-yellow soybeans could be good sources of antioxidants and high-quality soybean oil, respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolite Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Seeds of Different Seed Coat Colors

et al. 2021

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“…Sprouts of grain legume crops can be improved through varietal selection [ 66 ]. There has been extensive research conducted on soybean sprouts improvement, including breeding and genetic improvement [ 66 , 67 , 68 ]. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting on genomic regions associated with carotenoid content in cowpea sprouts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity and Association Analysis for Carotenoid Content among Sprouts of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)

Sodedji

Ryu

Choi

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The development and promotion of biofortified foods plants are a sustainable strategy for supplying essential micronutrients for human health and nutrition. We set out to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with carotenoid content in cowpea sprouts. The contents of carotenoids, including lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-carotene in sprouts of 125 accessions were quantified via high-performance liquid chromatography. Significant variation existed in the profiles of the different carotenoids. Lutein was the most abundant (58 ± 12.8 mg/100 g), followed by zeaxanthin (14.7 ± 3.1 mg/100 g) and β-carotene (13.2 ± 2.9 mg/100 g). A strong positive correlation was observed among the carotenoid compounds (r ≥ 0.87), indicating they can be improved concurrently. The accessions were distributed into three groups, following their carotenoid profiles, with accession C044 having the highest sprout carotenoid content in a single cluster. A total of 3120 genome-wide SNPs were tested for association analysis, which revealed that carotenoid biosynthesis in cowpea sprouts is a polygenic trait controlled by genes with additive and dominance effects. Seven loci were significantly associated with the variation in carotenoid content. The evidence of variation in carotenoid content and genomic regions controlling the trait creates an avenue for breeding cowpea varieties with enhanced sprouts carotenoid content.

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“…Truong et al [20] stated that anti-inflammatory activities of foods might be due to the higher phenolic and flavonoid content. Contrary, Eum et al [11] claimed that bioactive factors such as antioxidant activity, TFC, and TPC do not necessarily reflect the anti-inflammatory properties but the aglycones (such as genistein and daidzein) are more effective. However, we found higher bioactive factors, genistein, daidzein, naringenin, p-coumaric acid, and (+)-catechin (Table 1 and heat map) in BS2 sprouts that showed the highest inhibition of inflammatory factors.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Germination of black soybean can activate the seed metabolites and induce hydrolysis of highmolecular-weight polymers via the activity of enzymes. It triggers the functional activity by enhancing the phytochemicals, including polyphenolic, and non-polyphenolic compounds, amino acids, GABA, and vitamins [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive profiling of bioactive compounds in germinated black soybeans via UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and their anti-Alzheimer’s activity

et al. 2022

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Black soybeans contain several bioactive compounds and commonly consumed due to their health-related activities but rarely cultivated as edible sprouts. The present study investigated the changes that occurred during germination in two new genotypes black soybeans. Raw and germinated seeds were tested against in vitro Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers, including oxidative stress, inflammatory factors and cholinesterase enzymes as well as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels. Sprouts significantly inhibited the cholinesterase enzymes and inflammatory factors (protein denaturation, proteinase and lipoxygenase) than seeds. An increase in phenolic, flavonoid and GABA (10-folds) content and antioxidant capacity (ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP) was observed in germinated seeds. However, anthocyanin content was decreased in sprouts. UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS2 metabolites profiling approach identified 22 compounds including amino acids, peptides, fatty acids, and polyphenols. Among identified compounds, daidzein, genistein, gallic acid, spermidine, L-asparagine, and L-lysine exhibited the highest increase after germination. The current study reveals that germination of black soybeans have promising potential to inhibit/prevent AD and can be used to develop functional foods.

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Effect of germination environment on the biochemical compounds and anti-inflammatory properties of soybean cultivars

Cited by 30 publications

References 25 publications

Metabolite Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Seeds of Different Seed Coat Colors

Metabolite Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Seeds of Different Seed Coat Colors

Genetic Diversity and Association Analysis for Carotenoid Content among Sprouts of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)

Comprehensive profiling of bioactive compounds in germinated black soybeans via UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and their anti-Alzheimer’s activity

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