Effect of gestational diabetes on the eye: a mini review

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition characterized by glucose intolerance that is first recognized during pregnancy. This condition affects a significant number of pregnancies worldwide, with an estimated prevalence ranging from 1% to 14% depending on the population and diagnostic criteria used.1,2 GDM accounts for 90% of diabetes mellitus cases in pregnancy, while pre-existing type 2 diabetes accounts for 8% of such cases.2 While gestational diabetes often resolves after childbirth, it can have profound short- and long-term implications for both the mother and the baby. One of the critical areas of concern is the impact of gestational diabetes on ocular health. This article is based on the effects of gestational diabetes on the eyes, the mechanisms involved, potential complications, and management strategies.