Effect of Ginkgo Biloba Extract on Lipopolysaccharide-induced Anhedonic Depressive-like Behavior in Male Rats

Abstract

The peripheral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces depressive-like behavior. Anhedonia is a core symptom of depression, defined as a loss of the capacity to experience pleasure. The present study used the sucrose preference test to investigate the influence of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on LPS-induced anhedonia in male rats. The animals were randomly divided into four groups: (I) vehicle + saline, (II) vehicle + LPS, (III) EGb 761 + saline, and (IV) EGb 761 + LPS. Saline or LPS (100 μg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 2 h before the sucrose preference test. Sucrose consumption was recorded 2, 4, 6, 13, and 24 h after 100 μg/kg of LPS or saline injection in the dark phase of the light/dark cycle. Dopamine and serotonin levels in the nucleus accumbens were measured. Our results indicated that the vehicle + LPS group exhibited a significant decrease in sucrose intake compared with the vehicle + saline group. The EGb 761 + LPS group showed more sucrose and food consumption than the vehicle + LPS group. Additionally, compared with the EGb 761 + LPS group, the vehicle + LPS group had less dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens. Treatment with EGb 761 had no effect on water intake. Our results suggest that EGb 761 may be useful for reducing anhedonic depressive-like behavior.

Inflammation Effects on Motivation and Motor Activity: Role of Dopamine

“…For example, single injections of septic doses of LPS (5 mg/ kg) cause progressive neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal DArgic system (Qin et al, 2007;Reinert et al, 2014). It should be noted that acute systemic administration of low-dose LPS (~100 μg/kg) has been reported to either decrease tissue DA content or increase extracellular DA metabolites in the NAcc (van Heesch et al, 2014;Yeh et al, 2015). However, these studies assessed DA and 'anhedonic' behavior (sucrose preference or responding for brain stimulation) at 2-4 h post LPS (van Heesch et al, 2014;van Heesch et al, 2013;Yeh et al, 2015), a time point that may be confounded due to the febrile effects of LPS and related sickness behaviors (Dinarello, 2004;Frenois et al, 2007;O'Connor et al, 2009b).…”

“…It should be noted that acute systemic administration of low-dose LPS (~100 μg/kg) has been reported to either decrease tissue DA content or increase extracellular DA metabolites in the NAcc (van Heesch et al, 2014;Yeh et al, 2015). However, these studies assessed DA and 'anhedonic' behavior (sucrose preference or responding for brain stimulation) at 2-4 h post LPS (van Heesch et al, 2014;van Heesch et al, 2013;Yeh et al, 2015), a time point that may be confounded due to the febrile effects of LPS and related sickness behaviors (Dinarello, 2004;Frenois et al, 2007;O'Connor et al, 2009b). These early effects of LPS may also reflect, for instance, acute activation of neuroendocrine peptides and hormones (minutes to hours), which can have stimulatory effects on turnover or release of brain catecholamines (Barrot et al, 2000;Lavicky and Dunn, 1993;Matsuzaki et al, 1989;Mekaouche et al, 1996), and which may occur ahead of the more chronic mechanisms by which inflammation is thought to contribute to decreased DA availability (see the section 'Mechanisms of inflammation effects on dopamine synthesis and release' below for detailed discussion).…”

EGb761 attenuates depressive-like behaviours induced by long-term light deprivation in C57BL/6J mice through inhibition of NF-κB-IL-6 signalling pathway

“…Our previous study and Yeh et al . study found that EGb761 attenuated the depressive-like behaviours induced by lipopolysaccharide injection [1, 31]. However, it has not been studied whether EGb761 has antidepressant-like activities in the light deprivation-induced animal model of depression, which has unique immunological features.…”

Protective effects ofGinkgo bilobaL. against natural toxins, chemical toxicities, and radiation: A comprehensive review

“…An in vivo investigation was conducted to assess anhedonia as a main symptom of depressive disorders by sucrose preference test after injection of saline, LPS (100 μg/kg), EGb761 (50 mg/kg for 2 weeks), LPS, and EGb761 concomitantly in rats. This study showed that GBLE could significantly inhibit anhedonia induction in the animals and compensate the dopamine decrement, which was due to the LPS administration, but it was not able to increase the low level of serotonin significantly (Yeh et al, ).…”