Effect of Ginseng Radix on GLUT2 Protein Content in Mouse Liver in Normal and Eqinephrine-Induced Hyperglycemic Mice.

Abstract

The oral administration of the water extract of Ginseng Radix (GR) to normal and epinephrine-induced hyperglycemic mice caused a significant decrease in the blood glucose level 4 h after its administration. The hepatic content of facilitative glucose transporter isoform 2, liver type glucose transporter (GLUT2) protein content from mouse liver significantly increased in the orally GR-treated normal and epinephrine-induced hyperglycemic mice compared to that in the controls. These results suggest that the hypoglycemic activity of GR is presumably due, at least in part, to the increment of GLUT2 protein content.

Similar postprandial glycemic reductions with escalation of dose and administration time of American ginseng in type 2 diabetes.

“…Still, an intriguing property of ginseng is its hypoglycemic effect, which is supported by several animal studies (11)(12)(13). Additionally, 2 studies in humans have confirmed ginseng' s glucose-lowering ability (14,15).…”

“…An effect on insulin sensitivity has been shown twice in mice and cell lines. Chinese ginseng preparations were observed to increase GLUT2 protein in the livers of normal and hyperglycemic mice (12) and glucose uptake into sheep erythrocytes in a dosedependent manner (33). DPG-3-2, a water extract of ginseng, was also shown to stimulate insulin secretion directly, increasing biosynthesis in different preparations of mice islets and rat pancreases (34).…”

An Essential Role of cAMP Response Element Binding Protein in Ginsenoside Rg1-Mediated Inhibition of Na+/Glucose Cotransporter 1 Gene Expression

“…Ginseng extract has been shown to lower blood glucose level in both diabetic and glucose-loaded healthy animals (Ohnishi et al, 1996). The proposed mechanisms for the hypoglycemic effect of ginseng including enhanced hepatic glucose uptake (Ohnishi et al, 1996), enhanced insulin secretion and sensitivity (Zhang et al, 2008;Gao et al, 2013), enhanced glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion , enhanced lipid metabolism (Xie et al, 2005), facilitated immune homeostasis (Hong et al, 2012), reduced food intake and body weight (Attele et al, 2002;Xiong et al, 2010), or a combination of these modes (Zhang et al, 2008;Hong et al, 2012;Gao et al, 2013).…”

Anti-apoptotic Function and Mechanism of Ginseng Saponins in Rattus Pancreatic β-Cells

“…12,[29][30][31] Ginseng, often described as the "king herb," has been used as an anti-diabetic herb for several thousand years in Asia. The anti-diabetic actions of ginseng might mediate through a variety of mechanisms including actions on improving systemic insulin sensitivity, 32) increasing the activity of a glucose transporter protein, 33) and reducing glycogenolysis, thus restraining hyperglycemia. 34) Moreover, ginseng treatment increased insulin release from pancreatic β-cells, which is probably caused by increasing β-cell stimulation and insulin synthesis.…”