Effect of Global Climate Change on Livestock Production and Mitigation Strategies to Decelerate Climate Change: A Review

Abstract

Livestock production and health are significantly affected by climate change which has direct and indirect impacts on the productivity of the animals. Disturbances in ecosystem occur due to global climate change and that affects animal production system and also allows the prevalence of many animal diseases since they are interrelated to each other. Livestock production has widely contributed to increasing global emission of greenhouse gases through rumen fermentation which makes livestock activity the main promoter of climate change. Global climate change has deleterious effects on animal health, reproduction, mortality, and production. Such impact can be reduced by modifying livestock diets through alterations in forage-concentrate ratios, supplementation of feed additives, shelter management, and prevention of disease outbreaks. This review focuses on the mitigation strategies necessary to be implemented in the animal agriculture sector addressing animal welfare overall.