Effect of Glutamine Supplementation on Protein Metabolism and Glutathione in Tumor‐Bearing Rats

Abstract

Glutamine supplementation is beneficial in preventing deficiencies of glutamine and glutathione and in improving protein metabolism in tumor-bearing rats.

Cancer Reduces the Metabolic Response of Muscle to Surgical Stress in the Rat

“…The impairment of glutamine release after surgery in tumor-bearing rats decreases the possibility of visceral organs' in -TABLE 4 Gastrocnemius Muscle Intracellular Hydration and Ammonia and Amino Acid Concentrations creasing their glutamine uptake under surgical stress which normally occurs. For instance, visceral organs (liver, spleen, gut) and immune cells increase their uptake of glutamine for gluconeogenesis and for the production of defense proteins and peptides such as glutathione during the acute phase response [23]. Furthermore, lymphocytes, macrophages, and natural killer cells all consume glutamine at a high rate as an energy source and for nucleotide production.…”

Effect of Intracerebroventricular Injection of Tumor Necrosis Factor α on Gut Mucosal Protein Turnover in Mice Fed Enterally

“…The liquid enteral diet consisted of 90% glucose (GE-3, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co.), 10% fat emulsion (Intralipid, Otsuka), and a standard amino acid solution (Moriprone F, Russell Morishita, Hoechst Inc., Osaka, Japan). Vitamins and minerals were added as described previously [13]. On either Day 5 or 7, [U- 14 C]phenylalanine (5 Ci/mouse, Amersham International Plc, Buckinghamshire, UK) and 30 M L-phenylalanine (Wako Pure Chem.…”

Amino acid nutrition and immune function in tumour-bearing rats: a comparison of glutamine-, arginine- and ornithine 2-oxoglutarate-supplemented diets

“…Dietary supplementation with Gln, Arg and OKG has been studied for a wide range of tumour types and burdens (e.g. [10,11,15,[20][21][22]27,28,30,[40][41][42]). Results from these studies are nearly impossible to compare, due to vast differences in nutritional status of the animals studied.…”

“…In the Gln literature, some studies have found no effect of Gln on tumour growth (e.g. [14,15,30,41]), while others have shown tumour growth inhibition by supplemental Gln (e.g. [10,11,40]).…”

“…An additional difficulty in interpreting the current literature is that dietary amino acid supplementation has been studied over a wide range of cancer models and tumour burdens, ranging in size from 1 % to 30 % of host body weight (e.g. [10,20,[28][29][30]). The present study was designed to compare the relative efficacy of dietary Gln, Arg and OKG in altering plasma and tissue amino acid profiles, tumour growth and host immune defence in rats bearing a tumour burden equivalent to " 0.8 % of body weight and showing depletion of intracellular Gln, Arg and ornithine pools.…”