Effect of Glutaurine and Its Derivatives and Their Combinations with Radiation Protective Substances Upon Irradiated Mice

Feuer, L; Benkö, G

doi:10.3109/02841868109130215

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…y-Glutamyl-taurine has been shown to possess a variety of physiological and pharmacological effects. It exhibits vitamin A-like actions (Feuer et al, 1979) and radiation-protective properties (Feuer and Benko, 1981). It enhances plasma renin (EC 3.4.99.19) activity and incorporation of thymidine into DNA in spleen cells (Feuer et al, 1980).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutamyl‐Taurine Is the Predominant Synaptic Taurine Peptide

Marnela

Morris

Panico

et al. 1985

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Several taurine-containing peptides have been identified from trichloracetic acid extracts of synaptosomes and their subcellular vesicles prepared from calf brain. These peptides contain aspartic and glutamic acids, serine and taurine, and are often present in an N-acetylated form. The peptides were isolated as single spots by TLC. Glutamyl-taurine was found to be the predominant structure when analyzed by fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutamyl‐Taurine Is the Predominant Synaptic Taurine Peptide

Marnela

Morris

Panico

et al. 1985

Journal of Neurochemistry

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“…Rather, it should be used as one among several components in multifactorial prophylactic and therapeutic interventions with multiple aims, viz . (1) optimizing cellular antioxidant defense, (2) optimizing DNA repair during and following the exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation, (3) minimizing the post-traumatic inflammatory reaction, (4) optimizing the recovery of immunological functions, (5) optimizing all other forms of tissue repair and regeneration, especially in the gastrointestinal tract (if at all feasible), and (6) preventing the development of fibrosis and scar formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation protection following nuclear power accidents: a survey of putative mechanisms involved in the radioprotective actions of taurine during and after radiation exposure.

Christophersen¹

2012

Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease

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There are several animal experiments showing that high doses of ionizing radiation lead to strongly enhanced leakage of taurine from damaged cells into the extracellular fluid, followed by enhanced urinary excretion. This radiation-induced taurine depletion can itself have various harmful effects (as will also be the case when taurine depletion is due to other causes, such as alcohol abuse or cancer therapy with cytotoxic drugs), but taurine supplementation has been shown to have radioprotective effects apparently going beyond what might be expected just as a consequence of correcting the harmful consequences of taurine deficiency per se. The mechanisms accounting for the radioprotective effects of taurine are, however, very incompletely understood. In this article an attempt is made to survey various mechanisms that potentially might be involved as parts of the explanation for the overall beneficial effect of high levels of taurine that has been found in experiments with animals or isolated cells exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation. It is proposed that taurine may have radioprotective effects by a combination of several mechanisms: (1) during the exposure to ionizing radiation by functioning as an antioxidant, but perhaps more because it counteracts the prooxidant catalytic effect of iron rather than functioning as an important scavenger of harmful molecules itself, (2) after the ionizing radiation exposure by helping to reduce the intensity of the post-traumatic inflammatory response, and thus reducing the extent of tissue damage that develops because of severe inflammation rather than as a direct effect of the ionizing radiation per se, (3) by functioning as a growth factor helping to enhance the growth rate of leukocytes and leukocyte progenitor cells and perhaps also of other rapidly proliferating cell types, such as enterocyte progenitor cells, which may be important for immunological recovery and perhaps also for rapid repair of various damaged tissues, especially in the intestines, and (4) by functioning as an antifibrogenic agent. A detailed discussion is given of possible mechanisms involved both in the antioxidant effects of taurine, in its anti-inflammatory effects and in its role as a growth factor for leukocytes and nerve cells, which might be closely related to its role as an osmolyte important for cellular volume regulation because of the close connection between cell volume regulation and the regulation of protein synthesis as well as cellular protein degradation. While taurine supplementation alone would be expected to exert a therapeutic effect far better than negligible in patients that have been exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation, it may on theoretical grounds be expected that much better results may be obtained by using taurine as part of a multifactorial treatment strategy, where it may interact synergistically with several other nutrients, hormones or other drugs for optimizing antioxidant protection and minimizing harmful posttraumatic inflammatory reactions, while using ...

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“…Taurine occurs in some low-molecular-weight acidic peptides (Reichelt and Kvamme, 1973;Reichelt and Edminson, 1974;Feuer, 1977Feuer, , 1981Furka et al, 1980;Lahdesmaki and Timonen, 1982), and y-glutamyltaurine (Glutaurine, Litoralon), a dipeptide of glutamate and taurine, is the best known of them (Feuer, 1977). It is active both physiologically and pharmacologically (Feuer et al, , 1980u,b,c, 1981(Feuer et al, , 1982Torok et al, 1979Torok et al, , 1981Feuer and Benko, 1981;Feuer and Ormai, 1981). The mechanism of the biosynthesis of taurine-containing peptides is still a matter of conjecture, and it has been suggested that it proceeds through the y-glutamyl cycle (Torok et al, 1981).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Spectrometric Analyses of Brain Synaptic Peptides Containing Taurine

Marnela

Timonen

Lähdesmäki

1984

Journal of Neurochemistry

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The structure of a number of low-molecular-weight acidic peptides containing taurine prepared from calf brain synaptosomes and their subcellular vesicles was studied using electron impact mass spectrometry. At least seven sequences could be identified: N-acetylaspartyl-glutamyl-taurine, N-acetylaspartyl-taurine, N-acetylglutamyl-taurine, glutamyl-taurine, aspartyl-taurine, seryl-glutamyl-seryl-taurine, and seryl-taurine.

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Effect of Glutaurine and Its Derivatives and Their Combinations with Radiation Protective Substances Upon Irradiated Mice

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Glutamyl‐Taurine Is the Predominant Synaptic Taurine Peptide

Glutamyl‐Taurine Is the Predominant Synaptic Taurine Peptide

Radiation protection following nuclear power accidents: a survey of putative mechanisms involved in the radioprotective actions of taurine during and after radiation exposure.

Mass Spectrometric Analyses of Brain Synaptic Peptides Containing Taurine

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