Effect of glycemic control on soluble RAGE and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients

Abstract

BackgroundThe interaction of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and its receptor (RAGE) has played an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. A soluble form of RAGE (sRAGE) has been reported as a decoy receptor for AGEs. Oxidative stress is demonstrated in pathological condition such as atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. It has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of both macro- and microvascular complications. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of glycemic control on sRAGE and oxidative stress markers in type 2 diabetic patients.MethodsSeventy patients with type 2 diabetes and 20 healthy subjects were recruited into the study. Blood glutathione (GSH) and plasma total nitric oxide (NOx) levels were measured using commercially available colorimetric kits, blood superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was measured by the method of Marklund and Marklund, and plasma C-peptide, oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), sRAGE, and VCAM-1 levels were measured using competitive ELISA kits.ResultsPlasma sRAGE levels were significantly lower (p < 0.05) while VCAM-1 levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in poorly controlled diabetic patients compared with healthy control. Blood GSH levels were significantly lower in diabetic patients compared with healthy control (p < 0.05). Plasma C-peptide, NOx, ox-LDL levels, and SOD activity were not significantly different in diabetic patients compared with healthy control. Plasma levels of sRAGE were negatively associated with circulating VCAM-1 levels in diabetic patients.ConclusionPoor glycemic control decreases plasma sRAGE and increases VCAM-1 levels while good glycemic control improves these abnormalities which provides benefit to diabetic patients.

Spontaneous PMN apoptosis in type 2 diabetes and the impact of periodontitis

“…This indicates that HG may not be the main cause of delayed spontaneous apoptosis of PMN in T2DM subjects. However, our study also observed a significant delay in spontaneous PMN apoptosis in poor glycemic control T2DM subjects (HbA1c .7.5), and it is known that poor glycemic control can increase RAGE activation [46]. Therefore, it is possible that RAGE may play a role in delaying Figure 5.…”

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…In our study, no differences were observed in serum concentration of sRAGE between diabetic and nondiabetic women and no relationship of serum sRAGE concentrations with BMD, fracture prevalence or bone remodelling markers in T2DM women was found. These negative results may be partly explained by good glycemic control in our patients that could improve plasma sRAGE abnormalities and provide benefit to diabetic patients (31). In T2DM patients (both men and women), higher sclerostin levels were associated with an increased risk of vertebral fractures independent of lumbar spine BMD (32).…”

Oxidative stress, type 2 diabetes and vitamin D: past, present and future

“…Moreover, these findings still failed to show the precedence of increased advanced oxidation protein products over diabetic microangiopathy. Glycemic optimization usually ameliorates OS biomarkers suggesting the strong OS‐provoking effect of hyperglycemia. The OS‐inducing effect of both acute and chronic blood glucose fluctuation has been already addressed .…”