Effect of glycemic index on obesity control

Abstract

Objective: Evaluate the effect of glycemic index (GI) on biochemical parameters, food intake, energy metabolism, anthropometric measures and body composition in overweight subjects. Materials and methods: Simple blind study, in which nineteen subjects were randomly assigned to consume in the laboratory two daily low GI (n = 10) or high GI (n = 9) meals, for forty-five consecutive days. Habitual food intake was assessed at baseline. Food intake, anthropometric measures and body composition were assessed at each 15 days. Energy metabolism and biochemical parameters were evaluated at baseline and the end of the study. Results: Low GI meals increased fat oxidation, and reduced waist circumference and HOMA-IR, while high GI meals increased daily dietary fiber and energy intake compared to baseline. There was a higher reduction on waist circumference and body fat, and a higher increase on postprandial fat oxidation in response to the LGI meals than after high GI meals. High GI meals increased fasting respiratory coefficient compared to baseline and low GI meals. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the consumption of two daily low GI meals for forty-five consecutive days has a positive effect on obesity control, whereas, the consumption of high GI meals result has the opposite effect. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(3):245-51

The effects of daily intake timing of almond on the body composition and blood lipid profile of healthy adults

“…The results of a 10-week crossover study demonstrated that when subjects consumed a 56 g of almonds each day, they compensated for the energy provided by the almonds and reduced their food intake from other sources [ 11 ]. The effect on visceral body fat among the subjects in the PM group might suggest that almond consumption as a preload before the meal may be related with the insulin metabolism, which could be a topic of further studies, because body fat reduction in the abdominal region facilitates glycemic control [ 18 ].…”

Relevance of the Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load for Body Weight, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease

“…Several dietary interventions were designed to compare low GI or GL diets with their high GI or GL counterparts using crossover [ 18 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 ] or parallel [ 24 , 38 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ] randomized designs ( Table 7 ). Among these studies, those with a crossover design were shorter in duration (10 days to 5 weeks per intervention phase), whereas parallel design interventions ranged from 45 days to 12 months in duration.…”

“…Among these studies, those with a crossover design were shorter in duration (10 days to 5 weeks per intervention phase), whereas parallel design interventions ranged from 45 days to 12 months in duration. Studies included adults with type 2 diabetes [ 66 , 67 , 68 , 70 ], healthy adults with diverse weight status [ 65 ], or overweight and/or obese but otherwise healthy adults [ 18 , 24 , 38 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 69 ]. Reports from interventions involving nutrition education in which the use of GI was compared to current dietary recommendations for patients with type 2 diabetes (e.g., American Diabetic Association guidelines [ 71 ]) were excluded from this review because participants in different treatment arms were given different diet recommendations, which resulted in diets with multiple incomparable factors aside from the GI or GL of the diet.…”

“…Moreover, HbA1c did not change with either diet. Two smaller-scale parallel studies of shorter duration involved randomizing overweight or obese adults to either a low GI diet or its high GI counterpart for 30 days ( n = 20, all with type 2 diabetes; 18–55 years old; 29.2 ± 4.8 kg/m 2 ) [ 70 ] or 45 days ( n = 19; 22–38 years old; 27–35 kg/m 2 ) [ 69 ]. Participants consumed two of their daily meals in the laboratory, with the rest of their food consumed under free-living conditions following recommendations for food selection based on GI lists.…”

Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis Management: A Review of Current and Emerging Non-Pharmacological Approaches

“…Although biomechanical factors such as elevated BMI have been noted to play a role in knee and hand OA, some studies suggest that metabolic dysfunction in particular, as evidenced by elevated HgA1c levels, may play an even greater role in accelerated OA progression compared to weight alone [32][33][34]. Therefore, specific dietary recommendations should focus on reducing intake of foods with a high glycemic index [35] (potatoes, rice, sugar, processed foods, and foods with high trans-fat) and increasing intake of proteins, fruits, vegetables, monounsaturated fats (such as olive oil), and polyunsaturated fats (like flaxseed oil). Olive oil especially has demonstrated some evidence of reducing cartilage degeneration when combined with exercise [36].…”