Effect of Glycerol Equilibration on Frozen Bovine Spermatozoa

Graham, E.F.; Erickson, W.E.; Bayley, N.D.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(57)94513-7

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A slight but significant decline in motility during storage at -79°C was found in the third experiment which is in agreement with Larson and Graham (1958), but there was no evidence of interactions of equilibration or freezing rate with storage time at -79°0. These could, however, exist if other diluents or periods of equilibration were used (Polge and Jakobsen 1959).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The optimum freezing rate, the best equilibration period, or ratio of equilibration with glycerol to total storage time at 5°C and diluent have yet to be defined and it appears that, at some stage or other in the preparation of deep-frozen semen, these factors are interrelated. The period of storage at 5°C before freezing must be greater than 2 hI' but it is unlikely that storage for longer than 12 hI' is required, which is in agreement with Miller and Van Demark (1954), Cragle et al (1955), Graham, Erickson, and Bayley (1957), Polge and Jakobsen (1959), and Sullivan and IVIixner (1963). The use of tests of longevity after thawing as well as revival rates were shown to be valuable in the fourth experiment in this paper and this supports the evidence presented earlier (Martin and Emmens 1961) on the need for a period of storage at 5°C before freezing and the addition of fructose to the diluent for freezing when the fertility of deepfrozen semen is considered.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

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Influence of Equilibration, Freezing Rate, Method of Dilution, and Diluent on the Survival of Deep-Frozen Bull Spermatozoa

Martin¹

1965

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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From the results of four factorial experiments on the deep-freezing of bull spermatozoa: (1) Revival rates of semen treated with lecithin followed by cooling to 5�C with dilution just before freezing did not differ significantly from samples diluted at 30�C soon after collection of the ejaculate. Aging the spermatozoa at 5�C for 6 hr before freezing was beneficial and a slow freezing rate of O� 5 to 1 degC fall per minute to -15�C followed by 3 degC fall below this temperature gave better results than faster rates. Time of storage at 5�C and freezing rate interacted, as fast freezing was much better tolerated by spermatozoa which had been aged at 5�C for 6 or 18 hr.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Influence of Equilibration, Freezing Rate, Method of Dilution, and Diluent on the Survival of Deep-Frozen Bull Spermatozoa

Martin¹

1965

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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“…First, the ejaculate is partially extended at 37°C to buffer the sperm and to provide antibiotic and thermal protection; then it is cooled to 5°C. Slow cooling over a period of a few hours was demonstrated to improve postthaw sperm motility and fertility (Graham et al, 1957;Martin, 1965), probably because it permits the sperm to adjust to low temperatures before cryopreservation. The final extension is then performed to achieve the desired sperm concentration per straw, typically 10 to 20 million sperm per frozen dose.…”

Section: Semen Processing and Preservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 100-Year Review: Reproductive technologies in dairy science

Moore

Hasler²

2017

Journal of Dairy Science

181

124

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Reproductive technology revolutionized dairy production during the past century. Artificial insemination was first successfully applied to cattle in the early 1900s. The next major developments involved semen extenders, invention of the electroejaculator, progeny testing, addition of antibiotics to semen during the 1930s and 1940s, and the major discovery of sperm cryopreservation with glycerol in 1949. The 1950s and 1960s were particularly productive with the development of protocols for the superovulation of cattle with both pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin/equine chorionic gonadotrophin and FSH, the first successful bovine embryo transfer, the discovery of sperm capacitation, the birth of rabbits after in vitro fertilization, and the development of insulated liquid nitrogen tanks. Improved semen extenders and the replacement of glass ampules with plastic semen straws followed. Some of the most noteworthy developments in the 1970s included the initial successes with in vitro culture of embryos, calves born after chromosomal sexing as embryos, embryo splitting resulting in the birth of twins, and development of computer-assisted semen analysis. The 1980s brought flow cytometric separation of X- and Y-bearing sperm, in vitro fertilization leading to the birth of live calves, clones produced by nuclear transfer from embryonic cells, and ovum pick-up via ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration. The 20th century ended with the birth of calves produced from AI with sexed semen, sheep and cattle clones produced by nuclear transfer from adult somatic cell nuclei, and the birth of transgenic cloned calves. The 21st century has seen the introduction of perhaps the most powerful biotechnology since the development of artificial insemination and cryopreservation. Quick, inexpensive genomic analysis via the use of single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping chips is revolutionizing the cattle breeding industry. Now, with the introduction of genome editing technology, the changes are becoming almost too rapid to fully digest.

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“…These results are similar to the results of research conducted by Tuli et al (1981) and Herdis et al (1999) which stated that the equilibration time of 4 hours is the best time. Graham et al (1957) stated in the results of his study with an equilibration time of 4, 8, and 12 hours that the equilibration time of 4 hours showed the best semen quality. The 4-hour equilibration helps spermatozoa adapt to the low temperatures.7-percent glycerol has been able to protect the spermatozoa from plasma membrane damage and from organelles damage which leads to the success in cell energy metabolism.…”

Section: The Percentage Of Live Semenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of equilibration time on semen freezing of local swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) with combination extender of lactose and glycerol

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Eriani K, Sari N, Ihdina M, Rosnizar. 2017. The effect of equilibration time on semen freezing of local swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) with combination extender of lactose and glycerol. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 77-82. This study was to determine the different time of equilibration on semen of swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) which was diluted by adding Tris-Egg Yolk extender of lactose and glycerol cryoprotectant combination. Fresh sperm of the swamp buffalo (B. bubalis) was diluted by using Tris-Egg Yolk extender of lactose cryoprotectants combination 0 mM (L 0 ), 60 mM (L 60 ), 120 mM (L 120 ) and glycerol 3% (G 3 ), 5% (G 5 ), 7% (G 7 ) with the equilibration of 2,5, 3, and 4 hours. The parameter used in this study was the percentage of sperm motility and live treatment. The results of the 2.5-hour equilibration with a combination of cryoprotectants L 60 G 7 showed the best quality in all parameters. The results of the 3-hour equilibration with combination of cryoprotectants L 60 G 7 showed the best quality in all parameters whereas the best quality in all parameters in 4-hour equilibration was the combination of cryoprotectants L 120 G 7 .

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Effect of Glycerol Equilibration on Frozen Bovine Spermatozoa

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Influence of Equilibration, Freezing Rate, Method of Dilution, and Diluent on the Survival of Deep-Frozen Bull Spermatozoa

Influence of Equilibration, Freezing Rate, Method of Dilution, and Diluent on the Survival of Deep-Frozen Bull Spermatozoa

A 100-Year Review: Reproductive technologies in dairy science

The effect of equilibration time on semen freezing of local swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) with combination extender of lactose and glycerol

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