Effect of Glycine on
            <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>
            In Vitro

Minami, Masaaki; Ando, Takafumi; Hashikawa, Shinnosuke; Torii, Keizo; Hasegawa, Tadao; Israel, Dawn A.; Ina, Kenji; Kusugami, Kazuo; Goto, Hidemi; Ohta, Michio

doi:10.1128/aac.48.10.3782-3788.2004

Cited by 44 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…While these two amino acids are likely to cross the outer membrane through the same porin due to their similar structures (42), aspartic acid is not as central to metabolic pathways as glutamic acid, and it appears that it cannot be utilized by M. catarrhalis as a secondary energy source in the same way as glutamic acid can. Glycine is known to have an antibacterial affect on many different species of bacteria, including Helicobacter pylori, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus, by interfering with the synthesis of peptidoglycan (24,30). This may account for the observation that additional glycine inhibited the growth of the mutant strain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moraxella catarrhalis M35 Is a General Porin That Is Important for Growth under Nutrient-Limiting Conditions and in the Nasopharynges of Mice

et al. 2008

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Moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative respiratory pathogen that is an important causative agent for otitis media and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We have previously predicted the outer membrane protein M35 to be a general porin, and in the current study, we have investigated the function of M35 and its importance for survival of M. catarrhalis in vivo. Lipid bilayer experiments reveal that refolded M35 functions as a channel that is typical of gram-negative bacterial porins. M35 forms wide and water-filled channels with a single-channel conductance of about 1.25 nS in 1 M KCl solution and has only a small selectivity for cations over anions. When the in vitro growth characteristics of two M35 deletion mutant strains of M. catarrhalis were compared to the wild-type parent isolates, the growth of the mutant strains was inhibited only under nutrient-poor conditions. This growth defect could be eliminated by additional glutamic acid, but not additional aspartic acid, glycine, sucrose, or glucose. The mutant strains compensated for the lack of M35 by enhancing their uptake of glutamic acid, and this enhanced rate of glutamic acid uptake was attributed to the compensatory upregulation of a protein of approximately 40 kDa. M35 was also found to be essential for nasal colonization of mice, demonstrating that its presence is essential for survival of M. catarrhalis in vivo. These results suggest that M35 is a general porin that is necessary for the uptake of important energy sources by M. catarrhalis and that it is likely that M35 is an essential functional protein for in vivo colonization.Moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative bacterium that is mainly responsible for respiratory tract infections, such as otitis media, sinusitis, and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (26,32,43). On rare occasions, it can also cause more serious diseases, such as meningitis and septicemia (16,29).All gram-negative species investigated have been found to produce porins (34). Outer membrane porins are passive pores that allow the influx and efflux of hydrophilic nutrients and waste products across the outer membranes of gram-negative bacteria (34). In most species, general porins are expressed at very high levels, accounting for the majority of the outer membrane proteins (OMPs), and this leads to a high degree of permeability of the outer membrane to small hydrophilic molecules (1, 27). General porins, such as OmpF and OmpC from Escherichia coli, are permeable to small (Ͻ600-Da) hydrophilic molecules, whereas substrate-specific porins, like the sucrosespecific porin ScrY from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (27), have binding sites for particular molecules that enhance the efficiency of diffusion.Substrate-specific porins increase the efficiency of acquisition of nutrients that are available at low extracellular concentration and would therefore not diffuse through general porins at a high enough rate to sustain an adequate supply to the bacterial cell (34). These specific channe...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moraxella catarrhalis M35 Is a General Porin That Is Important for Growth under Nutrient-Limiting Conditions and in the Nasopharynges of Mice

et al. 2008

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“…The MICs of MET, CLR, and PA against NCTC11637, NCTC26695, and SS1 were determined as described above. H. pylori inoculum was replicated on the serial antibioticcontaining agar dilution plates starting with an antibiotic concentration of 1/2 the MIC, followed by a 2 (40,41). In brief, after 2 days of growth of strain SS1 on a solid plate, bacteria were harvested and adjusted with PBS to 1 ϫ 10 10 CFU/ml.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In VitroandIn VivoAntibacterial Activities of Patchouli Alcohol, a Naturally Occurring Tricyclic Sesquiterpene, against Helicobacter pylori Infection

Lian

Chen

et al. 2017

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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This study further evaluated the in vitro and in vivo anti-Helicobacter pylori activities and potential underlying mechanism of patchouli alcohol (PA), a tricyclic sesquiterpene. In the in vitro assay, the capacities of PA to inhibit and kill H. pylori were tested on three standard strains at different pH values and on 12 clinical isolates. The effects of PA on H. pylori adhesion (and its alpA, alpB, and babA genes), motility (and its flaA and flaB genes), ultrastructure, and flagellation were investigated. Moreover, the H. pylori resistance to and postantibiotic effect (PAE) of PA were determined. Furthermore, the in vivo effects of PA on H. pylori eradication and gastritis were examined. Results showed that MICs of PA against three standard strains (pH 5.3 to 9) and 12 clinical isolates were 25 to 75 and 12.5 to 50 g/ml, respectively. The killing kinetics of PA were time and concentration dependent, and its minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were 25 to 75 g/ml. In addition, H. pylori adhesion, motility, ultrastructure, and flagellation were significantly suppressed. PA also remarkably inhibited the expression of adhesion genes (alpA and alpB) and motility genes (flaA and flaB). Furthermore, PA treatment caused a longer PAE and less bacterial resistance than clarithromycin and metronidazole. The in vivo study showed that PA can effectively eradicate H. pylori, inhibit gastritis, and suppress the expression of inflammatory mediators (COX-2, interleukin 1␤, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS]). In conclusion, PA can efficiently kill H. pylori, interfere with its infection process, and attenuate gastritis with less bacterial resistance, making it a potential candidate for new drug development.

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“…Although infection rates are similar for men and women, they progressively increase with age. Approximately 50% of the world population is infected with H. pylori , with prevalence rates ranging from 20% to more than 80% in certain countries [56]. The estimated prevalence is 70% in developing countries, mainly in the young population, and 30%–40% in the developed countries [57].…”

Section: Helicobacter Pylori Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Type s1/m1 strains also produce a higher level of cytotoxin activity than other genotypes. A strong association between cagA and vacA signal sequence type s1 has been reported with strains carrying s1 m1 mosaic combination being able to secrete a vacuolating cytotoxin [56, 62]. A recent investigation on the impact of H. pylori antigens to the gastric mucosal barrier demonstrated a deleterious dose-influence effect of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [63].…”

Section: Helicobacter Pylori Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current treatment for H. pylori uses a combination of antimicrobial and antiacid agents [64]. A triple therapy consisting of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and two antibiotics, amoxicillin (AMX) and clarithromycin (CLA), or metronidazole (MTZ) and CLA and a quadruple therapy obtained by the association of PPI, bismuth, and two antibiotics (AMX + CLA or MTZ + tetracycline (TET)) are used [56]. Nevertheless, due to increasing antibiotic resistance, eradication rates were reduced to 70–80% over the last few years.…”

Section: Helicobacter Pylori Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of Citrus Fruits on Helicobacter pylori

Mandalari

Bisignano

Cirmi

et al. 2017

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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It is known that Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric carcinoma. Due to the increased side effects of the treatment regimens and the development of antimicrobial resistance, a number of natural compounds have been tested as potential alternatives. In this review, we will examine the current knowledge on the effect of Citrus fruits and their derivatives against H. pylori, highlighting the remaining outstanding questions on the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

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Effect of Glycine on Helicobacter pylori In Vitro

Cited by 44 publications

References 40 publications

Moraxella catarrhalis M35 Is a General Porin That Is Important for Growth under Nutrient-Limiting Conditions and in the Nasopharynges of Mice

Moraxella catarrhalis M35 Is a General Porin That Is Important for Growth under Nutrient-Limiting Conditions and in the Nasopharynges of Mice

In VitroandIn VivoAntibacterial Activities of Patchouli Alcohol, a Naturally Occurring Tricyclic Sesquiterpene, against Helicobacter pylori Infection

Effectiveness of Citrus Fruits on Helicobacter pylori

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