Effect of glyphosate on the establishment, growth and nodulation of 14 pasture legume cultivars

Blowes, WM; Schmalzl, K. J.; Jones, S. J.

doi:10.1071/ea9850347

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…It is possible that some glyphosate got into the soil during application. There is mixed evidence whether glyphosate can reduce germination rates (Campbell, 1974; Blowes et al, 1985; Yenish and Young, 2000); however, in our experiment, germination rates were higher in plots where glyphosate was applied, which is the opposite of what you would expect if there was a negative effect of glyphosate. Nevertheless, if the glyphosate application did reduce germination rates, our measured germination rates would be underestimates and our conclusions would not change.…”

Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 86%

Standing vegetation as a coarse biotic filter for seed bank dynamics: Effects of gap creation on seed inputs and outputs in a native grassland

Brown

Cahill

2020

J Vegetation Science

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Questions Small‐scale disturbances have been linked to the maintenance of plant diversity by promoting the coexistence of competitive and subdominant species. Many proposed mechanisms for this coexistence involve changes to the competitive dynamics or abiotic environment. However, another possible mechanism could be a change to seed bank dynamics, ultimately impacting the species available for re‐establishment. Here, we test: (a) how gap creation alters seed bank composition, seed inputs (i.e. seed rain) and outputs (i.e. seedling establishment and predation); and (b) whether these changes are due to total vegetation removal or an indirect consequence of the removal of particularly influential species or traits. Location Rough fescue grassland in Alberta, Canada. Methods To test the impact of gap creation on seed bank dynamics, we experimentally removed or kept the standing vegetation intact in a paired‐plot design. Within each pair, we combined field sampling with greenhouse emergence studies to measure seed bank composition throughout the growing season. To examine inputs, we added seed trays that collected seed rain, and to examine outputs, we measured germination in seed trays with or without seed predation. Results Seed bank composition within gaps was significantly different from the original standing vegetation before removal and the seed bank where standing vegetation was kept intact. Gap creation increased net seed rain and seedling establishment but had no impact on seed predation. These effects of gap creation on seed outputs seem to be reliant on the total removal of vegetation, while seed inputs are also dependent on the community and trait composition of the standing vegetation. Conclusions The creation of gaps through small‐scale disturbances leading to a distinct seed bank community is another possible explanation for why we see increased β‐diversity with disturbance. Further, these gaps seem to be more important than standing vegetation compositional changes for preserving the local seed bank and promoting coexistence.

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Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 86%

Standing vegetation as a coarse biotic filter for seed bank dynamics: Effects of gap creation on seed inputs and outputs in a native grassland

Brown

Cahill

2020

J Vegetation Science

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“…The use of herbicides to suppress competing vegetation has greatly increased the success of interseeding legumes (Moshier and Penner, 1978; Olsen et al, 1981). Blowes et al (1985) demonstrated that, under field conditions, glyphosate did not reduce the growth of planted legumes when they were planted after glyphosate was applied at 0.54 and 1.08 kg a.i. ha −1 There have also been reports of successful establishment of legumes into existing pastures without using herbicides to suppress competing vegetation (Decker et al, 1969; Taylor and Allinson, 1983).…”

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confidence: 98%

Interseeding Kura Clover and Birdsfoot Trefoil into Existing Cool‐Season Grass Pastures

2001

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Legumes in cool‐season grass pastures can improve productivity and quality. In May of 1997 and 1998, a split‐split plot field experiment with six replications was planted in Morris, MN to evaluate the effect of sod suppression, planting method, and legume species on establishment of legumes into existing cool‐season grass pastures and to evaluate kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) as potential species for interseeding in the North Central region. Whole‐plot sod suppression treatments were (i) 0.62 kg a.i. ha−1 glyphosate [isopropylamine of N‐(phosphono‐methyl) glycine] or (ii) no glyphosate. Subplot planting methods were (i) no‐till drilling, (ii) broadcasting seed on the soil, (iii) broadcasting seed followed by harrowing, and (iv) broadcasting seed followed by a light disking. Legume species sub‐subplots were (i) alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), (ii) red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), (iii) kura clover, and (iv) birdsfoot trefoil. Stand data were collected in the fall of the planting year and in the spring of the second growing season. Averaged across planting methods and species, legume stands were 38% where glyphosate was used and 3% where it was not. No differences or interactions were detected for planting method (P > 0.12). In this study, if competing vegetation was suppressed, stands were >31% regardless of planting method. When sod was suppressed, alfalfa established better stands than the other legume species. The overriding factor in the ability to establish legumes in this study was the suppression of existing vegetation during establishment.

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Disentangling competitive processes to better understand their drivers and consequences in a native grassland community

Brown¹

2021

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Effect of glyphosate on the establishment, growth and nodulation of 14 pasture legume cultivars

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Standing vegetation as a coarse biotic filter for seed bank dynamics: Effects of gap creation on seed inputs and outputs in a native grassland

Standing vegetation as a coarse biotic filter for seed bank dynamics: Effects of gap creation on seed inputs and outputs in a native grassland

Interseeding Kura Clover and Birdsfoot Trefoil into Existing Cool‐Season Grass Pastures

Disentangling competitive processes to better understand their drivers and consequences in a native grassland community

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