Effect of Gold Nanoparticle Size on Their Properties as Contrast Agents for Computed Tomography

Dong, Yuxi C.; Hajfathalian, Maryam; Maidment, Portia S N; Hsu, Jessica C.; Naha, Pratap C.; Si‐Mohamed, Salim; Breuilly, Marine; Kim, Johoon; Chhour, Peter; Douek, Philippe; Litt, Harold; Cormode, David P.

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-50332-8

Cited by 193 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…AuNPs have a wide range of applications in various fields such as catalysis, photonics, and biotechnology due to their unique size- and shape-dependent properties [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. There are multiple methods for synthesizing AuNPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Nanoparticle Formation via X-ray Radiolysis Investigated with Time-Resolved X-ray Liquidography

Park

Eom

et al. 2020

IJMS

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We report the generation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from the aqueous solution of chloro(2,2′,2″-terpyridine)gold(III) ion ([Au(tpy)Cl]2+) through X-ray radiolysis and optical excitation at a synchrotron. The original purpose of the experiment was to investigate the photoinduced structural changes of [Au(tpy)Cl]2+ upon 400 nm excitation using time-resolved X-ray liquidography (TRXL). Initially, the TRXL data did not show any signal that would suggest structural changes of the solute molecule, but after an induction time, the TRXL data started to show sharp peaks and valleys. In the early phase, AuNPs with two types of morphology, dendrites, and spheres, were formed by the reducing action of hydrated electrons generated by the X-ray radiolysis of water, thereby allowing the detection of TRXL data due to the laser-induced lattice expansion and relaxation of AuNPs. Along with the lattice expansion, the dendritic and spherical AuNPs were transformed into smaller, raspberry-shaped AuNPs of a relatively uniform size via ablation by the optical femtosecond laser pulse used for the TRXL experiment. Density functional theory calculations confirm that the reduction potential of the metal complex relative to the hydration potential of X-ray-generated electrons determines the facile AuNP formation observed for [Au(tpy)Cl]2+.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Nanoparticle Formation via X-ray Radiolysis Investigated with Time-Resolved X-ray Liquidography

Park

Eom

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…Two hours after mice injection, AuNPs size 50 nm and more were shown to be localized mostly inside lung, liver and spleen, whereas smaller AuNPs were still present in the blood. Obtained results shown, that small nanoparticles have longer blood circulation half-lives compared to larger AuNPs [206,207].…”

Section: Physico-chemical Properties Of Nanoparticles and Their Cellumentioning

confidence: 96%

Gold Nanoparticles in Conjunction with Nucleic Acids as a Modern Molecular System for Cellular Delivery

et al. 2020

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Development of nanotechnology has become prominent in many fields, such as medicine, electronics, production of materials, and modern drugs. Nanomaterials and nanoparticles have gained recognition owing to the unique biochemical and physical properties. Considering cellular application, it is speculated that nanoparticles can transfer through cell membranes following different routes exclusively owing to their size (up to 100 nm) and surface functionalities. Nanoparticles have capacity to enter cells by themselves but also to carry other molecules through the lipid bilayer. This quality has been utilized in cellular delivery of substances like small chemical drugs or nucleic acids. Different nanoparticles including lipids, silica, and metal nanoparticles have been exploited in conjugation with nucleic acids. However, the noble metal nanoparticles create an alternative, out of which gold nanoparticles (AuNP) are the most common. The hybrids of DNA or RNA and metal nanoparticles can be employed for functional assemblies for variety of applications in medicine, diagnostics or nano-electronics by means of biomarkers, specific imaging probes, or gene expression regulatory function. In this review, we focus on the conjugates of gold nanoparticles and nucleic acids in the view of their potential application for cellular delivery and biomedicine. This review covers the current advances in the nanotechnology of DNA and RNA-AuNP conjugates and their potential applications. We emphasize the crucial role of metal nanoparticles in the nanotechnology of nucleic acids and explore the role of such conjugates in the biological systems. Finally, mechanisms guiding the process of cellular intake, essential for delivery of modern therapeutics, will be discussed.

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“…One drawback to CT is that it lacks sensitivity toward contrast agents, where other modalities such as MRI shine. However, there are still few promising contrast agents available for CT [ 38 ].…”

Section: Medical Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Nanomaterials in Biomedical Imaging and Cancer Therapy

2020

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Nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles, nanorods, nanosphere, nanoshells, and nanostars, are very commonly used in biomedical imaging and cancer therapy. They make excellent drug carriers, imaging contrast agents, photothermal agents, photoacoustic agents, and radiation dose enhancers, among other applications. Recent advances in nanotechnology have led to the use of nanomaterials in many areas of functional imaging, cancer therapy, and synergistic combinational platforms. This review will systematically explore various applications of nanomaterials in biomedical imaging and cancer therapy. The medical imaging modalities include magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, positron emission tomography, single photon emission computerized tomography, optical imaging, ultrasound, and photoacoustic imaging. Various cancer therapeutic methods will also be included, including photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. This review also covers theranostics, which use the same agent in diagnosis and therapy. This includes recent advances in multimodality imaging, image-guided therapy, and combination therapy. We found that the continuous advances of synthesis and design of novel nanomaterials will enhance the future development of medical imaging and cancer therapy. However, more resources should be available to examine side effects and cell toxicity when using nanomaterials in humans.

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Effect of Gold Nanoparticle Size on Their Properties as Contrast Agents for Computed Tomography

Cited by 193 publications

References 69 publications

Gold Nanoparticle Formation via X-ray Radiolysis Investigated with Time-Resolved X-ray Liquidography

Gold Nanoparticle Formation via X-ray Radiolysis Investigated with Time-Resolved X-ray Liquidography

Gold Nanoparticles in Conjunction with Nucleic Acids as a Modern Molecular System for Cellular Delivery

Application of Nanomaterials in Biomedical Imaging and Cancer Therapy

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