Effect of gonadectomy and oestrogen administration on the response of lymph‐node post‐capillary venules to infection with Toxoplasma gondii

Kittas, Christos; Henry, L.

doi:10.1002/path.1711270305

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…There is growing evidence that hormones underlie increased susceptibility of pregnant females to toxoplasmosis. In female mice, E2 exacerbates, whereas gonadectomy reduces, parasite burden and disease pathogenesis (Kittas and Henry, 1979, 1980). High concentrations of P4 also increase susceptibility to T. gondii during pregnancy by suppressing production of IL-12 and IFN-γ (Jones et al, 2008).…”

Section: Pregnancy and Pregnancy-associated Hormones Affect Disease Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy and pregnancy-associated hormones alter immune responses and disease pathogenesis

Robinson

Klein

2012

Hormones and Behavior

582

462

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During pregnancy, it is evolutionary advantageous for inflammatory immune responses that might lead to fetal rejection to be reduced and anti-inflammatory responses that promote transfer of maternal antibodies to the fetus to be increased. Hormones modulate the immunological shift that occurs during pregnancy. Estrogens, including estradiol and estriol, progesterone, and glucocorticoids increase over the course of pregnancy and affect transcriptional signaling of inflammatory immune responses at the maternal-fetal interface and systemically. During pregnancy, the reduced activity of natural killer cells, inflammatory macrophages, and helper T cell type 1 (Th1) cells and production of inflammatory cytokines, combined with the higher activity of regulatory T cells and production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, affects disease pathogenesis. The severity of diseases caused by inflammatory responses (e.g., multiple sclerosis) is reduced and the severity of diseases that are mitigated by inflammatory responses (e.g., influenza and malaria) is increased during pregnancy. For some infectious diseases, elevated inflammatory responses that are necessary to control and clear a pathogen have a negative consequence on the outcome of pregnancy. The bidirectional interactions between hormones and the immune system contribute to both the outcome of pregnancy and female susceptibility to disease.

show abstract

Section: Pregnancy and Pregnancy-associated Hormones Affect Disease Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy and pregnancy-associated hormones alter immune responses and disease pathogenesis

Robinson

Klein

2012

Hormones and Behavior

582

462

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There is growing evidence that hormones underlie increased susceptibility of pregnant females to toxoplasmosis. In female mice, estradiol exacerbates, whereas gonadectomy reduces, parasite burden and disease pathogenesis (Kittas and Henry, 1979, 1980). High concentrations of progesterone also increase susceptibility to T. gondii during pregnancy by suppressing production of IL-12 and IFN-γ (Jones et al, 2008).…”

Section: Hormones Affect Host Immune Responses To Microbesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Steroids Mediate Bidirectional Interactions Between Hosts and Microbes

Steeg

Klein

2017

Hormones and Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The outcome of microbial infections in mammals, including humans, is affected by the age, sex, and reproductive status of the host suggesting a role for sex steroid hormones. Testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone, signaling through their respective steroid receptors, affect the functioning of immune cells to cause differential susceptibility to parasitic, bacterial, and viral infections. Microbes, including fungi, bacteria, parasites, and viruses, can also use sex steroid hormones and manipulate sex steroid receptor signaling mechanisms to increase their own survival and replication rate. The multifaceted use of sex steroid hormones by both microbes and hosts during infection forms the basis of this review. In the arms race between microbes and hosts, both hosts and microbes have evolved to utilize sex steroid hormone signaling mechanisms for survival.

show abstract

“…In these studies, female mice developed more severe brain inflammation than male mice following infection. Moreover, a direct role for sex hormones was demonstrated in experiments which found that gonadectomy increased resistance, whereas estrogen administration exacerbated disease in mice (68,70). Similarly, simultaneous gonadectomy and estrogen treatment predisposed guinea pigs to increased parasite burdens compared with nontreated control animals (69).…”

Section: Toxoplasma Gondiimentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-Associated Hormones and Immunity to Protozoan Parasites

2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Numerous epidemiological and clinical studies have noted differences in the incidence and severity of parasitic diseases between males and females. Although in some instances this may be due to gender-associated differences in behavior, there is overwhelming evidence that sex-associated hormones can also modulate immune responses and consequently directly influence the outcome of parasitic infection. Animal models of disease can often recreate the gender-dependent differences observed in humans, and the role of sex-associated hormones can be confirmed by experimentally altering their levels. Under normal circumstances, levels of sex hormones not only differ between males and females but vary according to age. Furthermore, not only are females of reproductive age subject to the regular hormonal cycles which control ovulation, they are also exposed to dramatically altered levels during pregnancy. It is thus not surprising that the severity of many diseases, including those caused by parasites, has been shown to be affected by one or more of these circumstances. In addition, infection with many pathogens has been shown to have an adverse influence on pregnancy. In this article we review the impact of sex-associated hormones on the immune system and the development and maintenance of immunity to the intracellular protozoan parasites Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium spp., and Leishmania spp

show abstract

Effect of gonadectomy and oestrogen administration on the response of lymph‐node post‐capillary venules to infection with Toxoplasma gondii

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

Pregnancy and pregnancy-associated hormones alter immune responses and disease pathogenesis

Pregnancy and pregnancy-associated hormones alter immune responses and disease pathogenesis

Sex Steroids Mediate Bidirectional Interactions Between Hosts and Microbes

Sex-Associated Hormones and Immunity to Protozoan Parasites

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About