Effect of Grade on Thermal–Mechanical Behavior of Steel During Initial Solidification

Review on Modeling and Simulation of Continuous Casting

“…Another approach to model initial solidification at the meniscus is to use a thermal‐stress model, which is needed, for example, to understand the well‐known important effects of steel grade on oscillation mark and crack formation. A few thermal‐mechanical models of the initial solidifying shell have been developed and applied to study distortion behavior during level fluctuations, the effect of steel grade, and initial cracks . These models, together with measurements, have revealed new insight into the mechanism of hook formation, which build on the overflow mechanism illustrated by the thermal‐fluid model results in Figure a.…”

“…The problem is further complicated by the growing number of different steel grades of commercial importance, such as advanced high‐strength steels, which have very different thermal‐mechanical properties. A promising approach to simplify the problem of conducting mechanical tests on so many different grades is to consider that the mechanical properties are governed mainly by the phases present . Delta‐ferrite is much softer and prone to creep than austenite .…”

“…Delta‐ferrite is much softer and prone to creep than austenite . The effect of steel grade on stress generation during initial solidification has recently been studied using such a phase‐dependent constitutive‐model approach …”

“…Unlike models of heat transfer and fluid flow, where such validation has become routine, it is much less common to see proper verification and validation of thermal‐mechanical models prior to their application to practical continuous casting problems. An excellent analytical solution of solidification of an elastic‐perfectly‐plastic material exists, which has been used for verification of a few thermal‐mechanical models of steel continuous casting . These studies reveal that achieving mesh refinement is still an obstacle to accurate modeling, as a much finer mesh is needed for mechanical analysis than for thermal modeling alone.…”

Visualization of Steel Continuous Casting Including a New Integral Method for Post‐Processing Temperature Data

“…b) The same deformed shape plot as (a) using numbered contour bands to convey tension and compression reprinted with permission. c) Contour plot of inelastic strain using diverging color map with discrete bands oriented with red for tension and blue for compression . Reprinted with permission.…”