Effect of graphene oxide on the pH‐responsive drug release from supramolecular hydrogels

Abstract

Polypseudorotaxane (PPR) hydrogels formed by inclusion complexes between poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) are highlighted as promising biomaterial for drug delivery. Here, we report a novel injectable PPR hydrogel containing graphene oxide (GO) for pH‐responsive controlled release of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX). Our results showed that the gelation rates of the PEG/α‐CD supramolecular structures could be tailored depending on the reagent concentrations. The formation of PEG/α‐CD inclusion complexes was confirmed by TEM and XRD, the latter further confirming that GO restricts their formation. The supramolecular hydrogels were easily loaded with DOX by simple addition into the PEG solution before the complex formation with the α‐CD solution. Noteworthy, disruption of ionic interactions between DOX and GO in the nanocomposite at pH = 5.5 resulted in higher DOX release than under physiological conditions (pH = 7.4). This pH dependence was barely observed in pure PPR hydrogel. These findings introduce DOX‐loaded supramolecular hydrogels nanocomposites as promising carriers for pH‐responsive and therefore localized, drug delivery systems.

Alkaline media‐sensitive nanocarrier based on carboxylated cyclodextrin for targeted delivery of anti‐colon drug

“…To better reveal the rules of controlled release of drugs, the following classical kinetic models were used to study the drug release mechanism, namely, the zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, and Bhaskar models, respectively. [35][36][37][38][39] Zero-order…”

Graphene-based nanomaterials for stimuli-sensitive controlled delivery of therapeutic molecules

“…Free π electrons in unmodified areas of GO provide hydrophobic regions which are suitable for loading hydrophobic drugs through van der Waals forces ( Ghawanmeh et al, 2019 ). For example, when added to hydrogels, GO’s physical crosslinking enhances the loading capacity of hydrophobic drugs and also improves the stimuli-responsive properties ( Chen et al, 2018 ; Olate-Moya and Palza, 2022 ).…”

Hydrogel Nanocomposite Towards Optical Sensing of Spermine in Biomedical and Real-Life Food Samples and Remediation of Toxic Dyes from Wastewater

“…Design and synthesis of such hydrotropes are distinctive as they contain three essential components: (a) a gallic acid amide-based anchor with oligo-oxyethylene chains not only allows intermolecular H-bonding but also provides adequate hydration; (b) a chiral aromatic amino acid amide-based core regulates the self-assembly of 1 via extended π–π stacking interaction and H-bonding interaction; and (c) the hydrophobic pyrene core helps in balancing a lipophilic and hydrophilic balance inside the gel matrix. It is well known that the extended aromaticity of the pyrene moiety can be led to efficient dispersal of the carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), allowing the integration of the CNMs in the three-dimensional gel network. − The gelation ability of these nanocomposites is mainly driven by various non-covalent interactions, such as π–π stacking interactions, ion-pairing, and H-bonding interactions, involving the oxygen-containing functionalities present on the GO surface, such as hydroxyl, carboxylic, and epoxy residues. − Furthermore, we have employed 1 + GO nanocomposites to sense a biogenic polyamine, e.g., spermine, in the aqueous media. It is pertinent to mention that spermine is a natural aliphatic tetraamine found in the eukaryotic cells and body fluids, pivotal in regulating cell growth and differentiation .…”