Effect of Gypsum on Yield, Grade and Incidence of Pod Rot in Five Peanut Cultivars1

Abstract

Five cultivars of peanuts, (Aruchis hypogueu L.), Florunner,Tihn, Florigiant, Ga. 194 Va. and Early Bunch, were grown at Tifion, Ga. on a Stilson loamy sand, low in calcium (356 kg/ha), and at Plains, Ga. on a Greenville sandy loam, relatively higher in calcium (752 kg/ha), for three years (1977-79) to study the response of yield, grade and incidence of pod rot with applications of gypsum. Plots were topdressed with 0, 560, 1120, or 1680 kg/ha of gypsum. Pod rot did not occur at Plains and no significant difference occurred among gypsum rates for yield, percentages of sound mature kernels (SMK), extra large kernels (ELK), and value/ha for any cultivar. However, significant differences were detected for these variables among cultivars. At Tifton, severe pod rot occurred on plots receiving no gypsum, but the severity decreased for all cultivars as the rate of gypsum applied was increased. Differences in yield, percentages of SMK, ELK, pod rot, value/ha and kernel calcium occurred among cultivars, grown at different gypsum rates. Florunner was significantly higher in yield, percent SMK, and value/ha than the other cultivars at all gypsum rates, and significantly lower in pod rot at 0 and 560 kg/ha gypsum. The amount of calcium in kernels increased for most cultivars as rates of gypsum increased. These data support previous work which indicated a suppression of pod rot and an increase in yield and kernel calcium with applications of gypsum.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Response to Agricultural and Power Plant By-Product Calcium

“…However, in 1999, byproduct Ca at 2240 kg/ha or agricultural Ca at 1680 and 2240 kg/ha applied at plant increased peanut yield up to 22% over the non-treated control. On coarse textured soils low in residual Ca, peanut yields have been increased with Ca applications (Sullivan et al, 1974;Walker and Csinos, 1980). Jordan et al (2000) reported supplemental Ca increased pod yield of virginia-and runner-type peanut over the non-treated control at two of the five locations in the Virginia-Carolina region.…”

“…Garren (1964) first reported that high rates of Ca resulted in a reduction in diseased or rotted peanut pods. Walker and Csinos (1980) stated that under severe disease pressure with several cultivars, disease decreased for all cultivars as the rate of Ca increased. At the Atascosa Co. location in 1998, no differences in disease incidence were noted between the non-treated control and any Ca treatment (Table 2).…”

Seed Mineral Composition of Diverse Peanut Germplasm1

“…Lack of sufficient Ca in the fruiting zone causes numerous empty pods, "pops" or seed with damaged embryos, "dark plumules" (13). High seed Ca may also increase germina-tion (6) and decrease the incidence of pod rot (14). Inadequate B during seed development often causes depressed internal cotyledonary cavities, "hollow heart" (13).…”

Control of peanut root-rot using some chemical substances

“…The use of gypsum reduced the incidence of groundnut pod rot and increased the pod yield (Walker and Csinos, 1980;Chen and Huang, 1992;Ismail and Abd-El-Momen, 2007). Humic substances have been proven to improve the soil fertility and increase the availability of nutrients and consequently increase plant growth and yield (Moraditochaee, 2012).…”