“…However, no studies have been undertaken in athletes, and methodological differences and inconsistent macronutrient manipulations in studies in non-athletes make it difficult to draw clear conclusions. In addition, the habitual protein intake of the participants is not commonly reported, which is important as protein gastric emptying and satiety response has been demonstrated to have a reduced effect on individuals with high habitual protein intakes (Long, Jeffcoat, & Millward, 2000;Shi et al, 1997). There is evidence to suggest that many athletes already consume protein above the current recommendations (Rodriguez, Di Marco, & Langley, 2009); in the range of~1.5-2.5 g·kg day −1 (Bradley et al, 2015;Cole et al, 2005;Lundy, O'Connor, Pelly, & Caterson, 2006;Schokman, Rutishauser, & Wallace, 1999), and therefore may have a differing satiety response to supplemental protein than non-athletes or individuals with lower protein intakes.…”