Effect of Halofuginone (Stenorol) on Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar)

Abstract

This study was conducted to assess the effect of the coccidiostat halofuginone (Stenorol) on growth, feed consumption, and survival of Chukar partridge. Halofuginone was fed to three replicates (14 chicks per replicate) of chukar chicks from 2 to 7 d of age at levels of 0, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 and 12 ppm. Mortality from 2 to 7 d was 0, 0, 0, 11, and 21 birds, respectively, by treatment. Seven-day body weight showed a significant linear decrease with increasing halofuginone level (P < 0.01). On the 7th d, replicates receiving 6.0 and 12.0 ppm halofuginone were transferred to unmedicated feed for the remainder of the test due to excessive mortality. The other groups were continued until 6 wk of age. At 6 wk, chicks fed 6 or 12 ppm halofuginone from 2 to 7 d and then unmedicated feed did not differ in body weight from those fed the unmedicated control diet. A significant difference in mortality was not observed among the other three treatment groups to 6 wk of age. A linear depression in 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-wk body weight with increasing halofuginone level was observed within the first three treatment levels (P < 0.05). It was concluded that 1.5 ppm halofuginone depressed growth of young chukars and that 6 ppm resulted in increased mortality.

Cross-contamination of non-target feedingstuffs by halofuginone hydrobromide authorised for use as a feed additive - Scientific opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain

“…At 3 mg/kg mortality was seen, especially with bad hygiene conditions (data provided by the industry). In a more recent experiment with Chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar), the marketed product (Stenorol) was found to be slightly less toxic, with 1.5 mg/kg feed in the diet resulting in a transient growth suppression, whereas 6 mg/kg feed resulted in increased mortality (Ernst et al, 1996).…”

A Scalable Total Synthesis of Halofuginone

“…Halofuginone 1 (Figure ), a synthetic analogue of the quinazolinone alkaloid febrifugine 2 originally isolated from the Chinese herb Dichroa febrifuga , displays extremely rich biological activities. Halofuginone hydrobromide (racemic) has been used as an anticoccidial feed additive for broilers and turkeys for several decades under the trade name Stenorol, while its lactate (racemic) named Halocur has been used for the prevention of diarrhea caused by diagnosed Cryptosporidium parvum in newborn calves . In addition to veterinary applications, halofuginone has also demonstrated great potential in the development of human medicine.…”