Effect of halothane on cilia beat frequency of ciliated human respiratory epithelium in vitro †

Gyi, Aye Aye; O’Callaghan, Chris; Langton, Josephine

doi:10.1093/bja/73.4.507

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Firstly, normal ranges for CBF have already been established in this group [17]. Secondly, anaesthetic agents may reduce CBF [18]. Thirdly, orientation studies ideally require a large sample of epithelium, and the authors were keen to maximize their chances of obtaining a good sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary ciliary dyskinesia syndrome associated with abnormal ciliary orientation in infants

et al. 2001

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Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) syndrome associated with abnormal ciliary orientation but with normal ciliary ultrastructure has been described in adults, but there are no normal ranges for orientation in infants, despite the fact that half of all patients with PCD present in the new-born period.Nasal brush biopsies were obtained from eight infants (three males), mean age 13.1 months, range 7 -23, in order to determine ciliary orientation. They had no upper or lower airway disease and normal organ arrangement and were undergoing general anaesthesia for other reasons. Two infants with typical PCD syndrome but normal ultrastructure of individual cilia also had orientation studies.In the eight normal subjects, a mean of 254 central pairs was examined, range 82 -453. The mean ciliary orientation was 14.9 degrees, range 12.9 -17.5. The two infants with PCD syndrome but normal ultrastructure of individual cilia had ciliary orientation of (Case 1) 44.5 degrees (range 10.6 -64.5) in 218 central pairs; and on a second occasion, 28.9 degrees, (range 9.0 -47.5) in 259 central pairs; for Case 2, 24.4 degrees, (range 13.1 -38.4) in 196 central pairs.The normal range for ciliary orientation is similar in infants to that described in other work in adults. The two cases of phenotypic primary ciliary dyskinesia in the presence of normal ciliary ultrastructure but abnormal ciliary orientation in infants supports the contention that measurement of ciliary orientation should be part of the assessment of ciliary structure and function in cases of possible primary ciliary dyskinesia, in particular when the ultrastructure of individual cilia appear to be normal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary ciliary dyskinesia syndrome associated with abnormal ciliary orientation in infants

et al. 2001

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“…It should be noted that some anaesthetic agents, e.g. halothane and lignocaine, may reduce the beat frequency markedly [24]. In postpubertal males, semen can be examined, but males with PCD may have motile spermatozoa [17].…”

Section: Obtaining Ciliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary ciliary dyskinesia: diagnosis and standards of care

Bush¹,

Cole²,

Hariri³

et al. 1998

Eur Respir J

347

285

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Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is characterized by disease of the upper and lower respiratory tract, in association with visceral mirror image arrangement in 50% of cases, due to abnormal structure and/or function of cilia. The purpose of this paper is to review the clinical features, diagnosis and management of PCD. Presentations include neonatal respiratory distress, recurrent lower respiratory tract infection, chronic rhinosinusitis and male infertility. PCD enters the differential diagnosis of bronchiectasis, atypical asthma, and unusually severe upper airway disease. Diagnosis is by a cascade of investigations, starting with the saccharin test in patients older than 10 yrs; ciliary beat frequency and pattern on light microscopy; and electron microscopy to assess ciliary morphology and orientation. It is important not to confuse primary and secondary ciliary abnormalities. Nasal nitric oxide is low in PCD, and this measurement shows promise as a screening test for PCD. Diagnosis is important, in order to prevent the development of bronchiectasis and to avoid any unnecessary otorhinolaryngological procedures. Regular follow-up is essential, and management should be multidisciplinary, with input from centres with a special interest in PCD, having access to paediatric and adult chest physicians, otolaryngologists and audiological physicians, physiotherapists, counselling services and fertility clinics. The prognosis is good, but morbidity can be considerable if PCD is incorrectly managed.

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“…The lack of effect on brain ependymal cilia following exposure to 2 % halothane is not in keeping with results of the effect of halothane on respiratory epithelium. Gyi and colleagues [24] found 1.8 % halothane resulted in a 20 % reduction in ciliary beat frequency after two hours exposure. Raphael found a 25 % decrease in frequency at one hour and 40 % after two hours exposure to 2.3 % halothane [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gyi et al . [24] showed that human respiratory cilia beat frequency may be reversibly inhibited by halothane and Raphael and colleagues found similar levels of ciliary depression following the exposure of respiratory cilia to isofluorane and enflurane [25]. No investigations have been performed on the effect of anesthetics on brain ependymal ciliary beat frequency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of halothane and pentobarbital sodium on brain ependymal cilia

O’Callaghan

Sikand

2012

Cilia

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BackgroundThe effect of anesthetic agents on ependymal ciliary function is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of halothane and pentobarbital sodium on brain ependymal ciliary function.MethodsWe used an ex vivo rat brain slice model to measure ependymal ciliary beat frequency by high speed video photography at 37°C.ResultsExposure to halothane caused a significant reduction in ciliary beat frequency of 2 % (P = 0.006), 15.5 % (P < 0.001), and 21.5 % (P < 0.001) for halothane concentrations of 1.8 %, 3.4 % and 4.4 %, respectively, compared to controls. Following a one-hour wash-out period, there was no significant difference between control samples and cilia that had been exposed to 1.8 % (P = 0.5) and 3.4 % (P = 0.3) halothane. The beat frequency of cilia exposed to 4.4 % halothane had increased following the wash-out period but cilia were still beating significantly more slowly than cilia from the control group (P = <0.001).Pentobarbitone at concentrations of 25 and 50 μg/ml had no effect on ciliary beat frequency compared to controls (P = 0.6 and 0.4 respectively). A significant (P = 0.002) decrease in ciliary beat frequency was seen following incubation with a pentobarbitone concentration of 250 μg/ml (mean (SD) frequency, 24(8) Hz compared to controls, 38(9) Hz).ConclusionsHalothane reversibly inhibits the rate at which ependymal cilia beat. Pentobarbitone has no effect on ciliary activity at levels used for anesthesia. It is unclear whether the slowing of ependymal ciliary by halothane is responsible for some of the secondary central nervous system effects of volatile anesthetic agents.

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Effect of halothane on cilia beat frequency of ciliated human respiratory epithelium in vitro †

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Primary ciliary dyskinesia syndrome associated with abnormal ciliary orientation in infants

Primary ciliary dyskinesia syndrome associated with abnormal ciliary orientation in infants

Primary ciliary dyskinesia: diagnosis and standards of care

The effect of halothane and pentobarbital sodium on brain ependymal cilia

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