Effect of Hand Hygiene on Infectious Disease Risk in the Community Setting: A Meta-Analysis

Aiello, Allison E.; Coulborn, Rebecca M.; Pérez, Vanessa; Larson, Elaine

doi:10.2105/ajph.2007.124610

Cited by 651 publications

(606 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Hand hygiene in nonhealthcare settings has reduced respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infections. 395,396 Hand hygiene opportunities for healthcare personnel, people with CF, and families are summarized in Table 7.…”

Section: Ivc Hand Hygienementioning

confidence: 99%

Infection Prevention and Control Guideline for Cystic Fibrosis: 2013 Update

Saiman

Siegel

LiPuma

et al. 2014

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.

352

382

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The 2013 Infection Prevention and Control (IP&C) Guideline for Cystic Fibrosis (CF) was commissioned by the CF Foundation as an update of the 2003 Infection Control Guideline for CF. During the past decade, new knowledge and new challenges provided the following rationale to develop updated IP&C strategies for this unique population:1. The need to integrate relevant recommendations from evidence-based guidelines published since 2003 into IP&C practices for CF. These included guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC), the World Health Organization (WHO), and key professional societies, including the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA). During the past decade, new evidence has led to a renewed emphasis on source containment of potential pathogens and the role played by the contaminated healthcare environment in the transmission of infectious agents. Furthermore, an increased understanding of the importance of the application of implementation science, monitoring adherence, and feedback principles has been shown to increase the effectiveness of IP&C guideline recommendations.2. Experience with emerging pathogens in the non-CF population has expanded our understanding of droplet transmission of respiratory pathogens and can inform IP&C strategies for CF. These pathogens include severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and the 2009 influenza A H1N1. Lessons learned about preventing transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens in non-CF patient populations also can inform IP&C strategies for CF.

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Section: Ivc Hand Hygienementioning

confidence: 99%

Infection Prevention and Control Guideline for Cystic Fibrosis: 2013 Update

Saiman

Siegel

LiPuma

et al. 2014

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.

352

382

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several low cost, efficient and effective interventions, such as providing running water within the kitchen area, improving water quality through household water treatment and washing hands using soap are acceptable interventions in most communities. They contribute effectively to the prevention of diarrhoeal diseases and the transmission of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) [7][8][9][10]. A recent systematic review provided evidence that hand washing with soap can reduce child diarrhoea by 48%, and the risk to acquire a diarrhoeal illness can be reduced by 17% and 36% through adequate household water treatments (HWT) and improved sanitation [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A community randomised controlled trial evaluating a home-based environmental intervention package of improved stoves, solar water disinfection and kitchen sinks in rural Peru: Rationale, trial design and baseline findings

Hartinger¹,

Lanata²,

Hattendorf³

et al. 2011

Contemporary Clinical Trials

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A community randomised controlled trial evaluating a homebased environmental intervention package of improved stoves, solar water disinfection and kitchen sinks in rural Peru: Rationale, trial design and baseline findings Introduction: Pneumonia and diarrhoea are leading causes of death in children. There is a need to develop effective interventions.Objective: We present the design and baseline findings of a community-randomised controlled trial in rural Peru to evaluate the health impact of an Integrated Home-based Intervention Package in children aged 6 to 35 months. Methods: We randomised 51 communities. The intervention was developed through a community-participatory approach prior to the trial. They comprised the construction of improved stoves and kitchen sinks, the promotion of hand washing, and solar drinking water disinfection (SODIS). To reduce the potential impact of non-blinding bias, a psychomotor stimulation intervention was implemented in the control arm. The baseline survey included anthropometric and socio-economic characteristics. In a sub-sample we determined the level of faecal contamination of drinking water, hands and kitchen utensils and the prevalence of diarrhoegenic Escherichia coli in stool specimen. Results: We enrolled 534 children. At baseline all households used open fires and 77% had access to piped water supplies. E. coli was found in drinking water in 68% and 64% of the intervention and control households. Diarrhoegenic E. coli strains were isolated from 45/139 stool samples. The proportion of stunted children was 54%. Conclusions: Randomization resulted in comparable study arms. Recently, several critical reviews raised major concerns on the reliability of open health intervention trials, because of uncertain sustainability and non-blinding bias. In this regard, the presented trial featuring objective outcome measures, a simultaneous intervention in the control communities and a 12-month follow up period will provide valuable evidence.

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“…Although this method is adequate for rinsing o↵ dirt, it is ine↵ective at removing bacteria. As was found in previous studies, improper hand-hygiene might therefore be a significant source of coliforms in the community (Pickering et al , 2010b) which might lead to diarrhea (Aiello et al , 2008). The percentage of positive results are higher than has been found previously by Trevett et al (2005) who found a lower percentage 44% (n = 14) of contaminated hands than was found in this study, 96% (n = 48).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

Modeling the Complexities of Water, Hygiene and Health in Limpopo, South Africa

Mellor¹

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Poor household drinking water quality and the early childhood diarrhea (ECD) and child growth stunting that result from it are a scourge that leads to the premature death of nearly 1.6 million children worldwide each year. Researchers have long studied the causes and prevention strategies of poor household water quality and ECD using intervention-control trials. Although the results of such trials can lead to useful information, they do not capture the complexity of this human/engineered/natural system. This dissertation reports on the development of an agent-based model (ABM) to study such a system in Limpopo, South Africa. This method proved to be an effective tool to develop a robust, quantitative understanding of the complex coliform bacteria transmission chain that leads to ECD and to investigate key mechanisms, risk factors, behaviors and intervention strategies to mitigate such transmission. This was achieved in three main parts. The first was an investigation of the sources and regrowth mechanisms of coliform bacteria as well as water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) behavior in the communities. The second part was to use that information to inform the development of an ABM and use that ABM to explore the various risk factors a↵ecting the outcome variables of household water quality, ECD incidences and child growth stunting. Lastly, the ABM was used understand the long-term sustainability of a ceramic water filter (CWF) campaign using field data about longitudinal microbial e↵ectiveness.

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Effect of Hand Hygiene on Infectious Disease Risk in the Community Setting: A Meta-Analysis

Cited by 651 publications

References 62 publications

Infection Prevention and Control Guideline for Cystic Fibrosis: 2013 Update

Infection Prevention and Control Guideline for Cystic Fibrosis: 2013 Update

A community randomised controlled trial evaluating a home-based environmental intervention package of improved stoves, solar water disinfection and kitchen sinks in rural Peru: Rationale, trial design and baseline findings

Modeling the Complexities of Water, Hygiene and Health in Limpopo, South Africa

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