Effect of harmonic noise on a Brownian particle in a ratchet periodic potential

Absolute negative mobility in a one-dimensional overdamped system

“…It is well known that non-equilibrium fluctuations and symmetry breaking are the necessary conditions that a Brownian particle forms a directed motion. The non-equilibrium fluctuations are generally provided by noise [14,15], but the broken symmetry can come from a spatial potential [16][17][18][19][20][21], a temporal periodic signal, a noise [22][23][24][25], and an external force. For a periodic system whose symmetry is broken by an external constant force, as its current increases with the external force increasing, the dynamical behavior is called a normal transport; contrariwise, an abnormal transport.…”