Effect of head impacts on diffusivity measures in a cohort of collegiate contact sport athletes

McAllister, Thomas W.; Ford, James; Flashman, Laura A.; Maerlender, Arthur C.; Greenwald, Richard M.; Beckwith, Jonathan G.; Bolander, Richard P.; Tosteson, Tor D.; Turco, John H.; Raman, Rema; Jain, Sonia

doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000438220.16190.42

Cited by 216 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…For example, nonconcussive head impact exposure has recently been correlated with measures of white matter, including hippocampal white matter. 28 The volume differences observed here, however, were larger for athletes who reported a previously diagnosed concussion, suggesting that previous concussions are a potential risk factor for smaller hippocampal subfield volumes.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Smaller Dentate Gyrus and CA2 and CA3 Volumes Are Associated with Kynurenine Metabolites in Collegiate Football Athletes

Meier

Savitz

Singh

et al. 2016

Journal of Neurotrauma

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An imbalance in kynurenine pathway metabolism is hypothesized to be associated with dysregulated glutamatergic neurotransmission, which has been proposed as a mechanism underlying the hippocampal volume loss observed in a variety of neurological disorders. Pre-clinical models suggest that the CA2-3 and dentate gyrus hippocampal subfields are particularly susceptible to excitotoxicity after experimental traumatic brain injury. We tested the hypothesis that smaller hippocampal volumes in collegiate football athletes with (n = 25) and without (n = 24) a concussion history would be most evident in the dentate gyrus and CA2-3 subfields relative to nonfootball healthy controls (n = 27). Further, we investigated whether the concentration of peripheral levels of kynurenine metabolites are altered in football athletes. Football athletes with and without a self-reported concussion history had smaller dentate gyrus ( p < 0.05, p < 0.10) and CA2-3 volumes ( p's < 0.05) relative to healthy controls. Football athletes with and without a concussion history had a trend toward lower ( p < 0.10) and significantly lower ( p < 0.05) kynurenine levels compared with healthy controls, while athletes with a concussion history had greater levels of quinolinic acid compared with athletes without a concussion history ( p < 0.05). Finally, plasma levels of 3-hydroxykynurenine inversely correlated with bilateral hippocampal volumes in football athletes with a concussion history ( p < 0.01), and left hippocampal volume was correlated with the ratio of kynurenic acid to quinolinic acid in football athletes without a concussion history ( p < 0.05). Our results raise the possibility that abnormalities of the kynurenine metabolic pathway constitute a mechanism for hippocampal volume differences in the context of sports-related brain injury.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Smaller Dentate Gyrus and CA2 and CA3 Volumes Are Associated with Kynurenine Metabolites in Collegiate Football Athletes

Meier

Savitz

Singh

et al. 2016

Journal of Neurotrauma

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“…A growing body of evidence suggests that repetitive subconcussive head trauma can also result in neurocognitive deficits (8,9). A generally accepted hypothesis is that microstructural white matter (WM) damage and axonal injury is responsible for the neurologic dysfunction that is associated with TBI (10-13).…”

Section: Implication For Patient Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Subconcussive Head Impact Exposure and White Matter Tract Changes over a Single Season of Youth Football

Bahrami¹,

Sharma²,

Rosenthal³

et al. 2016

Radiology

179

133

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“…20 The absence of preseason differences despite years of exposure to repetitive head impacts suggests the possibility that normalization in some measures of brain structure can occur over time. Further work is needed to replicate these observations, and to characterize whether different brain regions may have different susceptibility to trauma in humans.…”

Section: Zagorchev Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Regional Brain Volumes Two Months and One Year after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Zagorchev

Meyer

Stehlé

et al. 2016

Journal of Neurotrauma

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Conventional structural imaging is often normal after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). There is a need for structural neuroimaging biomarkers that facilitate detection of milder injuries, allow recovery trajectory monitoring, and identify those at risk for poor functional outcome and disability. We present a novel approach to quantifying volumes of candidate brain regions at risk for injury. Compared to controls, patients with mTBI had significantly smaller volumes in several regions including the caudate, putamen, and thalamus when assessed 2 months after injury. These differences persisted but were reduced in magnitude 1 year after injury, suggesting the possibility of normalization over time in the affected regions. More pronounced differences, however, were found in the amygdala and hippocampus, suggesting the possibility of regionally specific responses to injury.

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Effect of head impacts on diffusivity measures in a cohort of collegiate contact sport athletes

Cited by 216 publications

References 38 publications

Smaller Dentate Gyrus and CA2 and CA3 Volumes Are Associated with Kynurenine Metabolites in Collegiate Football Athletes

Smaller Dentate Gyrus and CA2 and CA3 Volumes Are Associated with Kynurenine Metabolites in Collegiate Football Athletes

Subconcussive Head Impact Exposure and White Matter Tract Changes over a Single Season of Youth Football

Differences in Regional Brain Volumes Two Months and One Year after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

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