Effect of health education on knowledge, perception, and intended contraceptive use for family planning among university students in Pakistan

Abstract

Approximately one billion women require family planning services worldwide, 842 million women are currently using modern contraceptives, and 80 million are using traditional contraceptive methods for family planning (FP). Health literacy (HL) can significantly make women aware of contraceptives for family planning. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of health education in determining perceptions and intended contraceptive use among university students in Pakistan. A pre-and post-approach with cross-sectional study design was conducted in the public sector University of Islamabad from July to December 2022. A self-administered and structured questionnaire comprising variables on knowledge level and intended contraceptive use was conducted among randomly selected students ( n = 396). Survey respondents were given Health Education Intervention (HEI), which included a lecture regarding contraception use for family planning, and a posttest assessment was conducted on the same group of students. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 24 was used for statistical data analysis. An Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Health Services Academy (HSA) approved this study. A majority, 217 (55%), were female respondents. There was a significant difference in the overall mean score between pretest and posttest assessments after the intervention. Hence, the findings proved that this intervention successfully improved the knowledge and intention of the participants to use FP. Moreover, after the HEI, 99% of respondents had improved knowledge about family planning methods and the benefits of contraceptive use. Knowledge, perceived benefits, and intended use of contraceptives for FP were significantly improved after the HEI ( P < 0.05). In the posttest, the most learned methods were intrauterine devices, injections, implants, and withdrawal. Most of the participants were already well aware of condoms and oral pills. The study concludes that health education is an effective intervention to improve the knowledge, perception, and intended contraceptive use among undergraduate university students regarding family planning.