Effect of heart-rate learning under curare on subsequent noncurarized avoidance learning.

DiCara, Leo V.; Weiss, Jay M.

doi:10.1037/h0028189

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In this case, the behavior was perception of a noxious stimulus. The results were seen as consistent with a variety of psychophysiological theories and data on emotion (e.g., DiCara & Weiss, 1969;James, 1890;Schachter & Singer, 1962;Slaughter & Hahn, 1974). DiCara and Weiss (1969) presented evidence that the instrumental learning of heart rate can alter emotional responses of rats to electric shock stimuli.…”

supporting

confidence: 82%

Voluntary control of human heart rate: Effect on reaction to aversive stimulation: A replication and extension.

Sirota¹,

Schwartz²,

Shapiro³

1976

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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In anticipation of receiving painful stimuli, 20 female subjects learned to regulate their heart rate when provided with meter biofeedback and monetary bonuses for heart rate changes and instructions to increase or decrease their rate. Voluntary slowing of heart rate was associated with a relative reduction in perceived aversiveness of the stimuli, particularly in those subjects who scored high on a cardiac-awareness questionnaire (i.e., reported experiencing cardiac reactions to fear situations in daily life). These findings replicate and extend previous findings on heart rate self-regulation, perception of aversive stimulation, and individual differences in cardiac awareness. They also provide further support for the hypothesis that biofeedback training for relevant physiological responses may serve as a behavioral strategy for changing anxiety and fear reactions.A recent study published in this journal (Sirota, Schwartz, & Shapiro, 1974) demonstrated that subjects can learn to control their heart rate in anticipation of receiving electric shock stimulation when provided with instructions, feedback, and monetary rewards for increasing and decreasing their heart rate. An important finding was that perception of the intensity of the applied noxious stimuli was associated with heart rate control. Subjects who voluntarily increased their heart rate judged the shocks as increasing in intensity, and subjects who slowed their rate perceived the stimulation as decreasing in intensity over the course of the experiment.

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supporting

confidence: 82%

Voluntary control of human heart rate: Effect on reaction to aversive stimulation: A replication and extension.

Sirota¹,

Schwartz²,

Shapiro³

1976

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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show abstract

“…A possible explanation for the differences in results of the two studies may be due to slight changes in the technique of respirating the animals and/ or curare-infusion procedures that might have curtailed the magnitude of change obtained in this study or enhanced differences in the previous study. In more recent studies, DiCara has obtained HR changes more comparable to the present study, using avoidance conditioning procedures with tail shock (DiCara & Miller, 1968DiCara & Weiss, 1969).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Instrumental conditioning of heart rate in the curarized rat with varied amounts of pretraining.

Slaughter¹,

Hahn²,

Rinaldi³

1970

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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To evaluate the effectiveness of prior discrimination training on subsequent heart-rate (HR) shaping under curare, 30 subjects were divided into three groups on the basis of amount of discrimination training (0, 2, and 4 hr.). These rats were then curarized and trained to increase or decrease HR with electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB) as reward. Results indicated that the animals did learn to produce significant changes in HR in the reinforced direction, although amount of discrimination pretraining had no effect on the magnitude of these changes.

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“…Voluntary cardiac slowing may mitigate the aversiveness of electric shock. DiCara and Weiss (1969) have found that rats react to shock with much less emotionality after operant training in HE, slowing than after training in HR speeding, and Sirota, Schwartz, and Shapiro (1973) have claimed recently that human subjects report a given stimulus as less painful if it occurs while they are voluntarily slowing their HRs. Increased vagal activity, which may be a mechanism of voluntary HR slowing, reduces a rat's tendency to learn a shock avoidance task (Slaughter, 1971).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of classically conditioned heart rate by operant reinforcement in monkeys.

Ainslie¹,

Engel²

1974

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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Monkeys were run alternately on classical conditioning and on operant heart rate training schedules. The classical unconditioned stimulus was identical to the operant negative reinforcement. After operant training, some subjects changed their heart rate responses to the classically conditioned stimulus. When both the operant and the classical schedules were in force simultaneously, all subjects changed their previous heart rate responses to the classically conditioned stimulus without significantly changing their blood pressure responses to this stimulus. The changes in heart rate response to the conditioned stimulus sometimes persisted long after the operant schedules were no longer in force. These results show that a classically conditioned response can be altered by operant reinforcement, and they suggest that the classical unconditioned stimulus actually may be an operant reinforcer.

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Effect of heart-rate learning under curare on subsequent noncurarized avoidance learning.

Cited by 27 publications

References 15 publications

Voluntary control of human heart rate: Effect on reaction to aversive stimulation: A replication and extension.

Voluntary control of human heart rate: Effect on reaction to aversive stimulation: A replication and extension.

Instrumental conditioning of heart rate in the curarized rat with varied amounts of pretraining.

Alteration of classically conditioned heart rate by operant reinforcement in monkeys.

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