Effect of Heart Rate on Oxygen Consumption of Isolated Dog Heart Performing No External Work

Citters, Robert L. Van; Ruth, William E.; Reißmann, Kurt R.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1957.191.3.443

Cited by 45 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…A number of investigators have examined the influence of heart rate upon the heart's oxygen requirements (11)(12)(13)(14)(15), and some of these studies have indicated that a linear relationship exists between heart rate and myocardial oxygen consumption per minute (11,14,15). The findings in the present 732 BOERTH, COVELL, POOL, ROSS investigation ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

“…Since 1885, when Yeo showed that a beating heart consumes more oxygen than a nonbeating heart (10), a number of investigators have demonstrated that tachycardia produces an augmentation of myocardial oxygen consumption per minute (11)(12)(13)(14)(15). However, the question whether oxygen consumption per beat is augmented has remained unanswered because systolic pressure and the level of myocardial wall stress are altered by increasing the heart rate, and both of these factors are now recognized to be important determinants of myocardial energy utilization (9,14,(16)(17)(18).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Increased Myocardial Oxygen Consumption and Contractile State Associated with Increased Heart Rate in Dogs

Boerth

Covell

Pool

et al. 1969

Circulation Research

134

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The effects of increasing the frequency of contraction on myocardial oxygen consumption per minute (MVo 2 ) were examined in eight dogs using an isovolumic left ventricular preparation. MVo 2 was determined at two to four levels of heart rate in each animal. Peak wall stress was maintained constant in each animal so that changes in it would not influence the effects of heart rate on oxygen consumption per beat. As heart rate was increased, there was a highly significant linear increase in MVo 2 . Oxygen consumption per beat was shown to be a negative linear function of the reciprocal of heart rate. Thus, as heart rate increased there was a significant increase in oxygen consumption per beat; when basal oxygen consumption was subtracted from total oxygen consumption, there was a much larger increase in oxygen consumption per beat. Myocardial contractile state, defined as the maximum observed contractile element velocity at the lowest common level of wall stress, was significantly increased by increasing heart rate. The data suggest that the increased M"v"o 2 associated with augmented heart rate is secondary to augmentation of contractile state, as well as to the increase in stress development per minute. ADDITIONAL KEY WORDSmyocardial metabolism inotropic state stress-velocity relation peak myocardial wall stress isovolumic left ventricular contractions• There is general agreement that increasing the frequency of contraction augments the inotropic or contractile state of the myocardium, as reflected by a shift of the force-velocity relationship, both in isolated cardiac muscle (1-3) and the intact heart (4, 5). Recently, it has been shown that the contractile state of the heart is an important determinant of myocardial oxygen consumption (6-9), and therefore, it might be expected that increasing the frequency of cardiac contraction would be

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Myocardial Oxygen Consumption and Contractile State Associated with Increased Heart Rate in Dogs

Boerth

Covell

Pool

et al. 1969

Circulation Research

134

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In experiments with dogs, several investigators have paced hearts at different rates and extrapolated to zero frequency to estimate the basal oxygen consumption, with values in the range 2.0-2.3 ml/ min per 100 g being obtained (Cohn and Steele, 1935;Laurent et al, 1956;Van Citters et al, 1957). This method has the advantage that no agents have to be administered that might themselves alter metabolism.…”

Section: Basal Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen consumption of the nonworking and potassium chloride-arrested dog heart.

Gibbs¹,

Papadoyannis²,

Drake³

et al. 1980

Circulation Research

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SUMMARY In 21 dogs on cardiopulmonary bypass with ventricles kept empty, the mean beating but nonworking myocardial oxygen consumption (mVO 2 ) was 3.8 ml/min per 100 g at a heart rate of 158 beats/min. After subsequent potassium chloride arrest, the basal mVOs was 1.74 ml/min per 100 g. To compare these values with the working situation, we measured mVOj in these hearts before instituting bypass when the heart rate averaged 179 beats/min and arterial pressure averaged 108 mm Hg; mVOj was 9.2 ml/min per 100 g. Atrioventricular dissociation was induced in five beating, nonworking hearts; electrical pacing at increasing heart rates produced a linear increase in mVO2. Extrapolation to zero heart rate yielded a value of 1.24 ml/min per 100 g, which was not significantly different from the KC1 arrest value of 1.25 ml/min per 100 g in these same hearts. THE BASAL OXYGEN consumption of cardiac tissue is higher than that of skeletal muscle. Different groups of experiments, using a variety of techniques to induce cardiac arrest, have measured the basal metabolism in several species of animals (for reviews, see Lochner et al., 1968;Gibbs, 1978). There is a fairly wide scatter among the different estimates, presumably as a result of technique and species differences. It is desirable to measure the basal metabolism accurately so that the real energy cost of a single cardiac contraction can be determined. To calculate this value, the basal metabolism must be subtracted from the total metabolism of the working heart.In the present investigation a cardiopulmonary bypass technique was used so that the oxygen consumption of arrested blood-perfused hearts could be followed in vivo for long periods of time (40 minutes and more). The per beat oxygen cost of (1) the beating working heart and (2) the beating nonworking heart was determined. We know of no other experiments on the in situ blood-perfused heart in which basal metabolism has been studied in this way.

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“…In the human heart, about 10% of the total energy is used to overcome ventricular wall sti¡ness, compared to up to 25% to move the blood (Van Citters et al 1957). Wall sti¡ness results from tension between muscle layers and from deformation of structural components such as collagen, the amount of which increases with hypertrophy (Weber et al 1986).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hearts, neck posture and metabolic intensity of sauropod dinosaurs

Seymour

Lillywhite

2000

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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Hypothesized upright neck postures in sauropod dinosaurs require systemic arterial blood pressures reaching 700 mmHg at the heart. Recent data on ventricular wall stress indicate that their left ventricles would have weighed 15 times those of similarly sized whales. Such dimensionally, energetically and mechanically disadvantageous ventricles were highly unlikely in an endothermic sauropod. Accessory hearts or a siphon mechanism, with sub-atmospheric blood pressures in the head, were also not feasible. If the blood £ow requirements of sauropods were typical of ectotherms, the left-ventricular blood volume and mass would have been smaller; nevertheless, the heart would have su¡ered the serious mechanical disadvantage of thick walls. It is doubtful that any large sauropod could have raised its neck vertically and endured high arterial blood pressure, and it certainly could not if it had high metabolic rates characteristic of endotherms.

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Effect of Heart Rate on Oxygen Consumption of Isolated Dog Heart Performing No External Work

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Increased Myocardial Oxygen Consumption and Contractile State Associated with Increased Heart Rate in Dogs

Increased Myocardial Oxygen Consumption and Contractile State Associated with Increased Heart Rate in Dogs

Oxygen consumption of the nonworking and potassium chloride-arrested dog heart.

Hearts, neck posture and metabolic intensity of sauropod dinosaurs

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