Effect of heat treatment on PtRu/C catalyst for methanol electro-oxidation

Jeon, Min Ku; Lee, Ki Rak; Jeon, Hee Jung; Woo, Seong Ihl

doi:10.1007/s10800-009-9833-2

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…With increase in the CV cycles, the hydrogen desorption peaks increased significantly, which means exposure of Pt on the catalyst surface occurred. A large current density observed at high potential range (0.6-1.2 V) along the positive scan direction significantly decreased with increasing CV cycles, which might come from irreversible oxidation of Ru [43,44] and dissolution of Se [45]. A reduction peak observed between 0.5 and 0.8 V along the negative scan direction decreased with increasing CV cycles, which corresponds to the large decrease of the oxidation/dissolution peak of Ru/Se.…”

Section: Preparation and Characterisation Of Powder Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Combinatorial Search for Quaternary Methanol Tolerant Oxygen Electro‐Reduction Catalyst

et al. 2010

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A combinatorial library containing 645 different compositions was synthesised and characterised for methanol tolerant oxygen electro‐reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic performance. The library was composed of compositions involving between 1 and 4 metals among Pt, Ru, Fe, Mo and Se. In an optical screening test, Pt(50)Ru(10)Fe(20)Se(10) composition exhibited the highest ORR activity in the presence of methanol. This composition was further investigated by synthesis and characterisation of a powder version catalyst [Pt(50)Ru(10)Fe(20)Se(10)/C]. At 0.85 V [vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)] in the absence of methanol, the Pt/C catalyst exhibited higher ORR current (0.0990 mA) than the Pt(50)Ru(10)Fe(20)Se(10)/C catalyst (0.0902 mA). But much higher specific activity (12.7 μA cmpt–2) was observed in the Pt(50)Ru(10)Fe(20)Se(10)/C catalyst than for the Pt/C catalyst 6.51 μA cmpt–2). In the presence of methanol, the ORR current decreased by 0.0343 and 0.247 mA for the Pt(50)Ru(10)Fe(20)Se(10)/C and Pt/C catalysts, respectively, which proved the excellent methanol tolerance of the Pt(50)Ru(10)Fe(20)Se(10)/C catalyst.

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Section: Preparation and Characterisation Of Powder Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Combinatorial Search for Quaternary Methanol Tolerant Oxygen Electro‐Reduction Catalyst

et al. 2010

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“…PtRu alloy catalysts are widely used as the anode material. 6,7 In the cathode, platinum shows an outstanding performance for oxygen reduction such as the highest catalytic activity and stability. Its high cost, however, is a serious problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyol Synthesis of Ruthenium Selenide Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Lee¹,

Woo²

2010

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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Ruthenium catalysts modified by selenium have been introduced as alternative materials to Pt in Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). RuSe nano-particles were synthesized on the Vulcan XC72R carbon supports via polyol method. The prepared catalysts were electrochemically and physically characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV,) linear sweep voltammetry, methanol tolerance test, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energydispersive Spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Increasing the Se concentration up to 20 at % increased the electro-catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction. By increasing Se amount, Ru metallic form on the surface was increased. The Ru80Se20/C catalysts showed the highest oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and outstanding methanol tolerant property in half cell tests as well as single cell test.

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“…This is because the surface enrichment of Ir is less severe compared to Pt in Pt−Ru system, as the surface free energy of Ir is analogous to that of Ru (3.231 J m −2 vs 3.409 J m −2 ) at 25°C. 6,34,35 The optimal ratio between Ir and Ru is close to ∼3:1, indicating that an ensemble of three contiguous of Ir atoms might be also necessary for the EOR, during which removal of strongly adsorbed CO might be crucial. Previous in situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies showed that the selectivity for complete oxidation of ethanol into CO 2 via C−C cleavage is low.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Although the surface composition of Ru is unknown in this report, it is expected that surface composition should not differ significantly from bulk composition. This is because the surface enrichment of Ir is less severe compared to Pt in Pt–Ru system, as the surface free energy of Ir is analogous to that of Ru (3.231 J m –2 vs 3.409 J m –2 ) at 25 °C. ,, The optimal ratio between Ir and Ru is close to ∼3:1, indicating that an ensemble of three contiguous of Ir atoms might be also necessary for the EOR, during which removal of strongly adsorbed CO might be crucial.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Iridium–Ruthenium Alloyed Nanoparticles for the Ethanol Oxidation Fuel Cell Reactions

Deskins

et al. 2012

ACS Catal.

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In this study, carbon supported Ir−Ru nanoparticles with average sizes ranging from 2.9 to 3.7 nm were prepared using a polyol method. The combined characterization techniques, that is, scanning transmission electron microscopy equipped with electron energy loss spectroscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, were used to determine an Ir−Ru alloy nanostructure. Both cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry (CA) results demonstrate that Ir 77 Ru 23 /C bears superior catalytic activities for the ethanol oxidation reaction compared to Ir/C and commercial Pt/C catalysts. In particular, the Ir 77 Ru 23 /C catalyst shows more than 21 times higher mass current density than that of Pt/C after 2 h reaction at a potential of 0.2 V vs Ag/AgCl in CA measurement. Density functional theory simulations also demonstrate the superiority of Ir−Ru alloys compared to Ir for the ethanol oxidation reaction. D irect ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) have attracted much attention as a renewable energy source for both portable and stationary electronic applications because of several unique characteristics of ethanol fuel such as availability from biomass production, low toxicity, and safety for storage and transportation in liquid form. 1−3 Although ethanol may be considered a promising and productive fuel for fuel cell reactions, research and development of DEFC technology has been hindered by the lack of cost-effective anode catalysts. Platinum (Pt)-based nanostructured materials have commonly been used as excellent anode catalysts for electro-oxidation of small organic molecules (SOMs) because of the high catalytic activity of Pt for dissociation of SOMs. Ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) is a complex twelve-electron transfer reaction, which involves various reaction intermediates such as acetaldehyde, acetic acid, carbon monoxide, and other dehydrogenation fragments. 4,5 These strongly adsorbed reaction intermediates, CO in particular, can block active sites on the surface Pt and exacerbate the charge transfer considerably. Also, the high expense of Pt metal has seriously restricted their implementation for commercial application.Several notable theoretical and experimental efforts have gone into developing active effective catalysts with high activity and selectivity toward the EOR. 6−15 Mavrikakis, Nørskov, and co-workers recently reported that several Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) including Pt, Pd, Ir, Rh, and Ru could decompose ethanol effectively using both experimental and theoretical methods. 16 Among these five PGMs, catalysts containing Pt, Pd, Rh, and Ru have been well demonstrated for the EOR. However, Ir-based electrocatalysts have only been reported in limited studies for the oxygen reduction reaction and oxidation of SOMs. 8,17−21 Recently, experimental and theoretical efforts from our group found the highly active Ir−Sn heterogeneous nanocatalysts for the EOR, strongly demonstrating the potential of Ir metal as an alternative catalyst in fuel cell rea...

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Effect of heat treatment on PtRu/C catalyst for methanol electro-oxidation

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Combinatorial Search for Quaternary Methanol Tolerant Oxygen Electro‐Reduction Catalyst

Combinatorial Search for Quaternary Methanol Tolerant Oxygen Electro‐Reduction Catalyst

Polyol Synthesis of Ruthenium Selenide Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Iridium–Ruthenium Alloyed Nanoparticles for the Ethanol Oxidation Fuel Cell Reactions

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