Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical property of Ti–steel explosive-rolling clad plate

Friction welding of mild steel and titanium: Optimization of process parameters and evolution of interface microstructure

“…Thermal exposure at 800°C resulted in the formation of uniform sized ferrite grains with randomly distributed pearlite which is attributed to the heat treatment in α + γ phase field and subsequent transformation of γ to fine pearlite during cooling. This observation is in agreement with reported literature on friction welds of carbon steels [23,24].…”

“…13) precipitates at the weld interface. Contrary to this observation formation of a continuous layer of TiC precipitates has been reported [24] in Fe(0.16C)/Ti explosive clads after thermal exposure at 900°C which was observed to decrease the mechanical strength of the joints. JMatPro computations showed formation of γ phase of Fe at the interface which was not confirmed by the experimental results probably due to its finer size and also JMatPro® based simulations are carried out under equilibrium conditions.…”

“…A comparison of the experimental results on friction welding in this study with literature information on diffusion bonded joints and explosive clads [3,4,17,[24][25][26][27][28][29], leads to the following inferences: (i) Intermetallic phases were present only as isolated particles in ferrite matrix as against a continuous zone parallel to the weld interface in diffusion bonded joints, (ii) few microns of deformation at the interface unlike deformation induced metastable phases over larger distances (~6 mm) in explosive clads, (iii) formation of very fine sized intermetallic phases as evidenced by ring and spot electron diffraction patterns unlike in explosive clads and (iv) limited diffusion zone of 6-7 μm even after heat treatment for 100 h as against~330 μm in explosive clads heat treated for 20 h at 800°C [3]. Formation of a continuous intermetallic zone reduced the strength of the joints considerably at this temperature of 800°C (Fig.…”

Weldability window and the effect of interface morphology on the properties of Al/Cu/Al laminated composites fabricated by explosive welding

“…Jiang et. al [47] observed the same cracks at the interface of metal/IMC. It is expected that mechanical properties, particularly shear bond strength of the joint could be affected by brittle compounds formed at the interface [48].…”

Stress Concentration Resulting from Irregular Shape of Explosively Cladded Materials Connections - Fem Simulation

“…Wide application of titanium and its alloys in power engineering (condensers, steam condensers, heat exchangers and steam turbines in power plants and thermalelectric power stations) causes that the problem of fatigue life of bimetallic clads, for example, those of steel-titanium type, becomes more and more important (Jiang et al, 2014]). As for many applications, fatigue life of clads is the most important parameter.…”