Effect of Heat Treatment on Grain Size, Phase Assemblage, and Mechanical Properties of 3 mol% Y‐TZP

Ruiz, L.; Readey, Michael J.

doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1996.tb08980.x

Cited by 210 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Presence of cubic phase after sintering was already identified by some authors when sintering temperatures in the range of 1,450-1,600ºC were used 24,[31][32][33] . However, this phase is not always reported, mostly because of the overlap of the main planes of the cubic phase in relation to tetragonal 28) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Y-TZP zirconia regeneration firing: Microstructural and crystallographic changes after grinding

et al. 2017

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This study evaluated microstructural and crystallographic phase changes after grinding (G) and regeneration firing/anneling (R) of Y-TZP ceramics. Thirty five bars (Lava TM and Ice Zirkon) were divided: Y-TZP pre-sintered, control (C), regeneration firing (R), dry grinding (DG), dry grinding+regeneration firing (DGR), wet grinding (WG) and wet grinding+regeneration firing (WGR). Grinding was conducted using a diamond bur and annealing at 1,000°C. The microstructure was analyzed by SEM and the crystalline phases by X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD showed that pre-sintered specimens contained tetragonal and monoclinic phases, while groups C and R showed tetragonal, cubic and monoclinic phases. After grinding, the cubic phase was eliminated in all groups. Annealing (DGR and WGR) resulted in only tetragonal phase. SEM showed semi-circular cracks after grinding and homogenization of particles after annealing. After grinding, surfaces show tetragonal and monoclinic phases and R can be assumed to be necessary prior to porcelain layering when grinding is performed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Y-TZP zirconia regeneration firing: Microstructural and crystallographic changes after grinding

et al. 2017

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“…As Ruiz and Readey have shown, only severe overfiring to grain sizes >1¯m can considerably increase the toughness of Y-TZP. 32) One question which has been arising during the interpretation of the phase composition in combination with fracture resistance data concerned the very high toughness of the materials sintered at low temperatures, especially when considering their moderate transformability. Possible sources of error might be overestimated toughness or underestimated transformability/transformation zone size values.…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Tough to brittle transition with increasing grain size in 3Yb-TZP ceramics manufactured from stabilizer coated nanopowder

Kern¹,

Gadow²

2016

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

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Tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (TZP) are ceramics combining high strength and fracture resistance which are applied in biomedical and engineering applications. In this study, a nanoscale monoclinic zirconia nanopowder was coated with 3 mol-% ytterbia via a wet chemical route. The powders obtained after calcination and milling were consolidated into dense samples by hot pressing at 12751500°C for 1 h at 50 MPa axial pressure. Microstructure phase composition and mechanical properties were determined. The materials were initially very fine grained and showed grain growth starting at sintering temperatures exceeding 1350°C. At low sintering temperatures bending strength values of 10001100 MPa were recorded along with high fracture resistance of >10 MPa√m. In the sintering temperature range between 13501375°C, a steep decline of toughness to a level of 6 MPa√m was observed. This decline in fracture resistance is accompanied by a drop in transformability of the tetragonal phase and grain growth. While TZP from coprecipitated powders tend to become tougher with sintering temperature and increasing grain size, materials from stabilizer coated powders showed an adverse tendency. The tough to brittle transition in the 3Yb-TZP studied was attributed to the elimination of the initial stabilizer concentration gradient in the tetragonal grains.

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“…[53][54][55][56] Regarding the residual stress, and if it could be considered as a positive or negative attribute for zirconia after surface treatment, previous studies stated that the hump observed after cutting or surface grinding of TZP ceramics has been related to the formation of orthorhombic or rhombohedral phase 57,58 or lattice distortion. 59 Both of them resulted from the presence of residual stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and Morphological Evaluation of Presintered Zirconia following Different Surface Treatments

Skienhe

Habchi

Ounsi

et al. 2018

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

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Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on roughness, grain size, and phase transformation of presintered zirconia. Materials and methods:Surface treatments included airborne particle abrasion (APA) before and after sintering with different particles shape, size, and pressure (50 μm Al 2 O 3 , 50 μm glass beads, and ceramic powder). Thirty-five square-shaped presintered yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) ceramic slabs (Zenostar ZR bridge, Wieland) were prepared (4 mm height × 10 mm width × 10 mm length) and polished with silicon carbide grit papers #800, 1000, 1200, 1500, and 2000 to ensure identical initial roughness. Specimens were divided into five groups according to surface treatment: group I (control): no surface treatment; group II: APA 50 μm Al 2 O 3 after sintering; group III: APA 50 μm Al 2 O 3 particles before sintering; group IV: APA 50 μm glass bead particles before sintering; and group V: APA ceramic powder before sintering. Specimens were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, and tested for shear bond strength (SBS). Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc tests for multiple comparisons Tukey's test (α ≥ 0.05). Results: Air abrasion before sintering significantly increased the surface roughness when compared with groups I and III. The highest tetragonal to monoclinic (t-m) phase transformation (0.07%) was observed in group III, and a reverse transformation was observed in presintered groups (0.01%). Regarding bond strength, there was a significant difference between APA procedures pre-and postsintering. Structural and Morphological Evaluation of Presintered Conclusion:Air abrasion before sintering is a valuable method for increasing surface roughness and SBS. The abrasive particles' size and type used before sintering had a little effect on phase transformation.Clinical significance: Air abrasion before sintering could be supposed to be an alternative surface treatment method to air abrasion after sintering.

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Effect of Heat Treatment on Grain Size, Phase Assemblage, and Mechanical Properties of 3 mol% Y‐TZP

Cited by 210 publications

References 26 publications

Y-TZP zirconia regeneration firing: Microstructural and crystallographic changes after grinding

Y-TZP zirconia regeneration firing: Microstructural and crystallographic changes after grinding

Tough to brittle transition with increasing grain size in 3Yb-TZP ceramics manufactured from stabilizer coated nanopowder

Structural and Morphological Evaluation of Presintered Zirconia following Different Surface Treatments

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