Effect of heat treatment on an AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel evaluated by the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient

Moghanizadeh, Abbas; Farzi, Abolfazl

doi:10.3139/120.110878

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The ultrasonic velocity is directly related to mechanical properties, including the elastic modulus and the material density, which are influenced by microstructures such as grains, precipitates, and phase transformations [11][12][13][14][15]. The attenuation of ultrasonic waves depends on microstructural features such as grains, dislocations, inclusions, and pores based on absorption, diffraction, and scattering of ultrasonic waves by the microstructures [16][17][18][19][20][21]. In most cases, scattering by grains is the dominant attenuation mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Correlations between grain size and linear ultrasonic parameters, including ultrasonic velocity and attenuation coefficient, have been actively studied [12][13][14][15][17][18][19][20][21]. Ultrasonic velocities and scattering coefficients of plane longitudinal and shear waves in polycrystals as a function of grain size and wavenumber were theoretically explained by Hirsekorn [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Linear and Nonlinear Ultrasonic Parameters in Characterizing Grain Size and Mechanical Properties of 304L Stainless Steel

Choi

Ryu

Kim

et al. 2019

Metals

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Ultrasonic nondestructive techniques can be used to characterize grain size and to evaluate mechanical properties of metals more practically than conventional destructive optical metallography and tensile tests. Typical ultrasonic parameters that can be correlated with material properties include ultrasonic velocity, ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, and nonlinear ultrasonic parameters. In this work, the abilities of these ultrasonic parameters to characterize the grain size and the mechanical properties of 304L stainless steel were evaluated and compared. Heat-treated specimens with different grain sizes were prepared and tested, where grain size ranged from approximately 40 to 300 μm. The measurements of ultrasonic velocity and ultrasonic attenuation coefficient were based on a pulse-echo mode, and the nonlinear ultrasonic parameter was measured based on a through-transmission mode. Grain size, elastic modulus, yield strength, and hardness were measured using conventional destructive methods, and their results were correlated with the results of ultrasonic measurements. The experimental results showed that all the measured ultrasonic parameters correlated well with the average grain size and the mechanical properties of the specimens. The nonlinear ultrasonic parameter provided better sensitivity than the ultrasonic velocity and the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, which suggests that the nonlinear ultrasonic measurement would be more effective in characterizing grain size and mechanical properties than linear ultrasonic measurements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Linear and Nonlinear Ultrasonic Parameters in Characterizing Grain Size and Mechanical Properties of 304L Stainless Steel

Choi

Ryu

Kim

et al. 2019

Metals

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show abstract

“…The ultrasonic wave energy attenuates with the increase of distance, and its scattering attenuation coefficient is

, which meets the requirements of Equation (6) [ 29 ]:

where c 2 is a constant; F is the anisotropy coefficient; d is the grain diameter of the medium; f is the acoustic frequency.…”

Section: Theory and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then the ultrasonic waves diffuse at a certain angle [28]. The ultrasonic wave energy attenuates with the increase of distance, and its scattering attenuation coefficient is S α , which meets the requirements of Equation (6) [29]:…”

Section: Selection Of Ultrasonic Probementioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and Validation of Ultrasonic Probes in Liquid Level Monitoring Systems

Gao

Liu

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Selecting and designing the optimum ultrasonic probe is vital for ultrasonic measurements and experiments. The amplitude of the emitted ultrasonic wave excitation signal as well as the diameter and the natural frequency of the probe seriously affect the validity of the probe results. In this paper, we analyze the significance of the key parameters of the ultrasonic probe theoretically. Further, an external fixed-point liquid level monitoring system was assembled according to the principle of ultrasonic reflection and transmission. On this experimental platform, we study the key parameters of the ultrasonic probe that affect the system evaluation through a simulation and experiment, and select the optimal sensor parameters for this experiment. The evaluations show that under the experimental conditions where the tested container is made of aluminum alloy and its wall thickness is 3 mm, the best results are obtained when the diameter of the ultrasonic sensor is 15 mm, the amplitude of the emitted excitation signal is ±15 V, and the frequency is 1 MHz. The results’ average deviation is less than ±0.22 V. The evaluations are consistent with the simulation results. This research can effectively monitor the liquid in the closed, ultra-thin-walled container, and can realize non-contact measurement. It provides an effective basis for the parameters selection and design of the ultrasonic probe in the ultrasonic-based experiments and tests.

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“…Rayleigh waves, and surface acoustic waves (SAW) in general, are highly effective for surface inspections as their energy is concentrated near the surface [ 1 ]. The linear parameters of Rayleigh waves, such as the wave speed and the attenuation, have been effectively used to detect evolution of the material properties [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Rayleigh wave speed has a strong dependence on porosity [ 6 ], while attenuation depends on various factors, including absorption, diffraction, and scattering caused by voids, pores, inclusions, and grain boundaries [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Roughness Effects on Self-Interacting and Mutually Interacting Rayleigh Waves

Bakre

Lissenden

2021

Sensors

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Rayleigh waves are very useful for ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation of structural and mechanical components. Nonlinear Rayleigh waves have unique sensitivity to the early stages of material degradation because material nonlinearity causes distortion of the waveforms. The self-interaction of a sinusoidal waveform causes second harmonic generation, while the mutual interaction of waves creates disturbances at the sum and difference frequencies that can potentially be detected with minimal interaction with the nonlinearities in the sensing system. While the effect of surface roughness on attenuation and dispersion is well documented, its effects on the nonlinear aspects of Rayleigh wave propagation have not been investigated. Therefore, Rayleigh waves are sent along aluminum surfaces having small, but different, surface roughness values. The relative nonlinearity parameter increased significantly with surface roughness (average asperity heights 0.027–3.992 μm and Rayleigh wavelengths 0.29–1.9 mm). The relative nonlinearity parameter should be decreased by the presence of attenuation, but here it actually increased with roughness (which increases the attenuation). Thus, an attenuation-based correction was unsuccessful. Since the distortion from material nonlinearity and surface roughness occur over the same surface, it is necessary to make material nonlinearity measurements over surfaces having the same roughness or in the future develop a quantitative understanding of the roughness effect on wave distortion.

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Effect of heat treatment on an AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel evaluated by the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Comparison of Linear and Nonlinear Ultrasonic Parameters in Characterizing Grain Size and Mechanical Properties of 304L Stainless Steel

Comparison of Linear and Nonlinear Ultrasonic Parameters in Characterizing Grain Size and Mechanical Properties of 304L Stainless Steel

Analysis and Validation of Ultrasonic Probes in Liquid Level Monitoring Systems

Surface Roughness Effects on Self-Interacting and Mutually Interacting Rayleigh Waves

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