Effect of heat treatment on strength and ductility of 52CrMoV4 spring steel.

Matjeke, V.J.; Mukwevho, G; Maleka, A.M.; Merwe, J. van der

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/430/1/012044

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…While the effect of pre-annealing was not seen in the material with a low Nb content before heat treatment (Figures 5 and 6), it was observed that the grain size of the pre-annealed material was smaller in the leaf spring material after heat treatment (Figures 9 and 10). During forming, the steel may undergo phase transformations such as recrystallization, which helps in refining the grain structure [15]. The microstructure with a high Nb ratio following heat treatment without pre-annealing is shown in Figure 11, while the microstructure with a high Nb ratio following heat treatment with pre-annealing is shown in Figure 12.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the hot rolling process, different pressure values were created in all regions to obtain parabolic thickness, and an approximately 55% decrease was achieved in the region with the lowest thickness for the leaf spring. It is generally advised to hot roll 52CrMoV4 steel between 850 • C and 1050 • C. Upon analysis of the investigation results, it was found that hot rolling was typically carried out at temperatures close to 900 • C [15,16]. Andrade et al investigated 0.035 wt.% Nb heat treatment and found that Nb (C) was detected at 900 • C. In the eye rolling process, the heated intermediate product was curled from its ends and the required part for the assembly was created [11].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The annealing process was applied to the leaf springs by heating them homogeneously within the austenite phase temperature, for example, 870 • C, and the steel samples were held at this temperature for 60 min for 52CrMoV4 steel austenization. The suggested austenite temperature for 52CrMoV4 steel is between 850 • C and 900 • C. Upon analysis of the results of other studies, it was found that temperatures between 850 • C and 870 • C are typically used for austenitization [15,17,18]. The purpose of austenitizing is to make the material suitable for both the hot forming and hardening of its internal structure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Niobium Addition and Pre-Annealing on the Tensile Properties of 52CrMoV4 Spring Steel

Ozuyagli,

Barlas,

Ozsarac

et al. 2024

Materials

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In this study, the effect of niobium addition and a specific preheating process on the microstructure and tensile properties of 52CrMoV4 steel used in leaf springs was investigated. Flat and leaf spring materials were used to accomplish this aim. The flat materials under investigation were kept in a furnace for 90 min at 900 °C. A homogeneous microstructure was aimed for with the use of this pre-annealing heat treatment in addition to the standard process before rolling used to create NbC. Leaf spring production was carried out with flat materials that possessed various Nb contents, with or without pre-heating. Grain size measurement and tensile tests were performed on the flat and leaf springs. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy images were captured from the fractured surfaces after the tensile tests were carried out. The current study highlights the importance of Nb addition as an alloying element and the effect of the selected pre-annealing process in optimizing the grain structure and enhancing the tensile properties of leaf springs. The leaf spring with a Nb ratio of 0.0376 that was pre-annealed exhibited a finer grain structure (G = 11.3), greater tensile properties (YS = 1550 N/mm2 and UTS = 1688.6 N/mm2), and deeper tear valleys and larger dimples, indicating higher energy consumption during fracturing, according to the SEM images produced, in contrast with the other materials studied.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Niobium Addition and Pre-Annealing on the Tensile Properties of 52CrMoV4 Spring Steel

Ozuyagli,

Barlas,

Ozsarac

et al. 2024

Materials

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“…The buckling system is assumed to be made of 1mm thick, 10mm wide, 8.5cm long CK75 spring steel ribbons. Spring steels are steel alloys that can achieve very high yield strength close to the material tensile strength [36][37][38]. For reference, quenched and tempered (+QT) CK75 spring steel alloys' tensile strength values are in the range of 1200-1900 MPa.…”

Section: A Latch Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, Construction, and Test of a Lightweight Thomson Coil Actuator for Medium-Voltage Vacuum Switch Operation

Vilchis-Rodriguez

Shuttleworth

Smith

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Energy Convers.

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This paper details the design, construction and test of a lightweight, low energy usage Thomson Coil actuator for the operation of a commercial medium voltage vacuum switch. A novel latching design, directly linked to the actuator armature, helps to keep the actuator mass at minimum. Experimental results show that 125J of electric energy are sufficient for operation of a commercial 27kV vacuum interrupter in times suitable for medium voltage DC protection applications. The use of high conductor density coils is shown to play a key role on the observed actuator performance. Finite element simulations are used to demonstrate that shorter operation times are feasible, without augmenting the consumed electrical energy, by further increasing coil conductor density.

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“…The heat treatment process entails phase development when heated and cooled at determined rates [3]. In order for the heat treatment process to be optimised, the precise parameters have to be determined [4]. Generally, the heat treatment cycle involved in the spring manufacturing process has the following sequence:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal characteristics of spring steels used in railway bogies

et al. 2019

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During the heat treatment of springs for railway bogies, phase transformations and oxidation occur and it is important to know transformation temperatures and oxidation rates to optimise the process. Oxidation and decarburisation can adversely affect the surface properties of steel when not limited to the bare minimum. The oxidation rates and materialspecific phase transformation of the spring steels were evaluated by means of differential scanning calorimetry. Three spring steels with known mass were heated and cooled. The change in the corresponding heat flow was evaluated. The materials were also subjected to a regular spring steel heat treatment process in order to determine the relationship between oxidation rate and decarburisation. This allowed for the observation of phase transition and oxidation rate for each steel. The results of these investigations showed that there is a nonlinear relationship between oxidation and decarburisation. The three materials analysed showed distinct properties; therefore, understanding of the material characteristics is important. Material A showed a high oxidation rate with decreased decarburisation, whereas material B showed less oxidation and higher decarburisation due to higher silicon contents.

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Effect of heat treatment on strength and ductility of 52CrMoV4 spring steel.

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

The Effect of Niobium Addition and Pre-Annealing on the Tensile Properties of 52CrMoV4 Spring Steel

The Effect of Niobium Addition and Pre-Annealing on the Tensile Properties of 52CrMoV4 Spring Steel

Design, Construction, and Test of a Lightweight Thomson Coil Actuator for Medium-Voltage Vacuum Switch Operation

Thermal characteristics of spring steels used in railway bogies

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