Effect of heat-treatment on the hardness and mechanical properties of Boron Alloyed Steel

Khiyon, Mohammad Raffik bin; Salleh, Salwani Mohd

doi:10.1051/matecconf/20179001014

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The hardness of material heated to a high degree and then cooled in oil was the same as that of unheated material, which was 139 HV. It can be shown from this experiment that heating mild steel to a high temperature and quickly cooling it with water increases its mechanical properties (hardness) by 24 It was reported by Khiyon and Salleh, [12] that the higher the cooling rate of the quenching, the smaller the size of the grain size. Hence, it will increase the hardness of the steel.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Investigating the Effect of Cooling Media on Hardness, Toughness, Coefficient of Friction, and Wear Rate of Mild Steel Heat Treated at Different Temperatures

Pita

Lebea

2022

Material Design & Processing Communications

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Mild steel is a common material used extensively in the manufacturing industry. This manuscript investigates the effect of cooling processes on the hardness, toughness, coefficient of friction, and wear rate of mild steel heat treated at different temperatures. The material was heat treated in a furnace at two different temperatures (500 and 900°C) and cooled by water, oil, and air. Microhardness and impact tests were conducted using ASTM E384 and ASTM E23-12C. For dry conditions, the tribology ASTM G99 test standard was used to determine the coefficient of friction and wear rate per sample. The results show that mild steel heat treated at 900°C and cooled with water increased the material’s hardness by 24% and toughness by 23.3% as compared to oil- and air-cooling media. The same heating temperature and water-cooling media produce the material with a low wear rate (3.223E-008).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Investigating the Effect of Cooling Media on Hardness, Toughness, Coefficient of Friction, and Wear Rate of Mild Steel Heat Treated at Different Temperatures

Pita

Lebea

2022

Material Design & Processing Communications

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“…The fact can be explained by the most favourable conditions of a working environment attack on the T tube which multiply concentration is tens and hundreds of times higher than average corrosivity along walls. During operation, metal of well equipment tubes experiences cementite decay which keeps in step with the findings [11]- [15].…”

Section: Figure 6 Nature Of Microhardness Distribution Within the Cut...mentioning

confidence: 52%

Degradation of the internal well equipment steel under continuous service in the corrosive and aggressive environments

Vynnykov¹,

Kharchenko²,

Manhura³

et al. 2023

Min. miner. depos.

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Purpose is to analyze steel degradation of the internal well equipment during its continuous service while contacting directly the corrosive environments. Methods. A range of research concerning the damaged metal tubes of the internal equipment for oil and gas wells, in particular regarding continuous service tubing, comprised both standard and specific studies involving different variations of X-ray spectral analysis with the use of scanning electron microscope JSM-35CF (JEOL Company, Japan) and SEM-515 with microanalyzer Link by Philips Company. The studied samples have been made of tubing in the period of the unauthorized and emergency well shutdowns; life of the wells is 0 up to 15 years. To analyze both structure and chemical composition of metal inclusive of such gases as oxygen and hydrogen, chippings were produced mechanically from various parts of tube walls. Findings. X-ray structural studies have made it possible to obtain data confirming cementite decay (Fe3С) in the tube metal during continuous operation of the internal well equipment. X-ray structural analysis methods have helped identify the parameters of crystal lattice of a matrix; and a level of elastic distortions of the lattice (i.e. microstresses of the distortions) has been evaluated as well as carbon distribution within ferrite and cementite. The abovementioned offered the possibility to describe both reason and mechanism of the reduced resistance to corrosion in the context of internal well equipment. Originality. New regularities under cementite decay in tube metal have been identified in addition to changes in the parameters of a crystal a lattice; microstresses of the lattice distortions; and carbon distribution within ferrite and cementite. The aforesaid helps explain in a new way both reason and mechanism of the reduced resistance to corrosion in the context of internal well structures operating continuously in aggressive environments. The basic sources and mechanisms of tube steel degradation, resulting from the metal hydrogenation and oxidation, have been defined which becomes the foundation to develop scientifically the substantiated measures mitigating the negative impact on the condition of the internal well facilities operating continuously in the chemically aggressive environments. Practical implications. Degrading hydrogen effect on the crystal lattice of metal has been proved. The effect creates conditions under which tube structures of oil and gas wells experience their failure.

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“…Destructive capacity of a flow depends upon the content of reservoir water, the weighed mechanical impurities, and the flow velocity in a well. Analysis of mechanical impurities of oil wells have shown that the impurities mainly contain quartz sand (60-70%) characterized by the greatest hardness among the basic rocks of productive oil seams [9]. Hydrogen phase and significant amount of mechanical impurities with the prevailing sand fraction support the idea of the intensified corrosion processes [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It is known [8] that any thermal and hydraulic impact disturbs natural cementing connections in a reservoir; consequently, well products contain excessive amount of mechanical impurities which range in oil wells is 60-150 mg/l [9]. In such cases, GHMs cannot operate correctly within the sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of corrosion fatigue steel strength of pump rods for oil wells

Vynnykov¹,

Kharchenko²,

Manhura³

et al. 2022

Min. miner. depos.

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Purpose is to perform analysis of corrosion durability (fatigue) of pump rod materials in terms of various chemically active simulation environments, and study influence of economically modified rare-earth impurity on corrosion fatigue strength of pump rod materials. Methods. 40 and 20N2M steel grades have been applied as well as experimental steel (ES). Steel of the conditinal ES grade has been melted within a pilot site of Institute of Electric Welding Named after E.O. Paton of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The steel was alloyed economically by means of a micro impurity of a rare-earth element (REE) being 0.03% of cerium; in addition, it contained comparatively low concentration of sulfur and phosphorus as well as minor concentration of dissolved hydrogen. The following has been used as simulation environments: 1) NACE environment (i.e. 5% NaCl solution which contained 0.5% СН3СООН, and saturated H2S; t = 22 ± 2°C; pH = 3.8-4.0); 2) 3% NaCl solution without hydrogen sulphide. Once every day, the environment was replaced to oxygenate it up to 8-10 mg/l concentration. Findings. Stability against sulfide stress-corrosion cracking (SSCC), hydrogen initiated cracking (HIC), and corrosion fatigue of steel of deep pump rods for oil industry has been studied. It has been defined that the experimental steel, modified economically by means of micro impurities of a REE, meets NACE MR0175-96 standard in terms of chemical composition as well as strength; in turn, 20N2M and 40 steel grades have high resistance neither to SSCC (threshold stresses are < 0.8 s) nor to corrosion fatigue attack; moreover, steel grade 40 has demonstrated low resistance to HIC (CLR > 6% and CTR > 3%). Originality. It has been identified that corrosion fatigue attack results from hydrogen penetration of steel initiating its cracking and hence destruction under the effect of alternating loads accelerated by the action of corrosive environment. Further, surface micro destructions, influenced by micro stresses, transform into large discontinuities and cracks with following macro destructions. Practical implications. It has been proved that high resistance to corrosion cracking can be achieved by means of refining of pump-rod steel of ferrite and perlite type using metallurgical methods, i.e. 0.01-0.03% REE microalloying.

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Effect of heat-treatment on the hardness and mechanical properties of Boron Alloyed Steel

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

Investigating the Effect of Cooling Media on Hardness, Toughness, Coefficient of Friction, and Wear Rate of Mild Steel Heat Treated at Different Temperatures

Investigating the Effect of Cooling Media on Hardness, Toughness, Coefficient of Friction, and Wear Rate of Mild Steel Heat Treated at Different Temperatures

Degradation of the internal well equipment steel under continuous service in the corrosive and aggressive environments

Analysis of corrosion fatigue steel strength of pump rods for oil wells

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