Effect of Heating on the Pretreatment Process for Recycling Li-Ion Battery Cathode

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenggunaan baterai Li-ion semakin meningkat seiring bertambahnya media elektronik portabel. Baterai Li-ion memiliki siklus hidup sehingga dibutuhkan proses daur ulang dalam rangka menurunkan potensi bahaya limbah sekaligus meningkatkan nilai ekonomis material baterai yang tidak terpakai terutama material aktif katodanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan limbah scrap katoda Lithium Nickel Cobalt Oxide (NCA) untuk diregenerasi kembali dimana material NCA memiliki kepadatan dan kapasitas energi yang tinggi. Proses pre-treatment menjadi salah satu penentu dalam proses daur ulang selanjutnya. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengaruh pemanasan pada proses pretreatment dengan variasi suhu 500-800 0 C untuk memperoleh bubuk material yang akan didaur ulang. Kombinasi proses leaching dan metode ko-presipitasi digunakan untuk meregenerasi kembali material aktif katoda. Pengujian Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom (SSA) dilakukan untuk mengetahui effisiensi leaching menggunakan 4M H2SO4 pada suhu 40 0 C selama 3 jam. Analisis X-ray Diffraction (XRD) menunjukkan bahwa material NCA telah berhasil diregenerasi kembali dimana puncak-puncak difraksi material NCA sesuai dengan standar JCPDS. Morfologi dari material NCA diuji menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Pengujian elektrokimia menggunakan baterai silinder pada tegangan 2,7-4,2 Volt, dimana didapatkan kapasitas spesifik keluaran pertama sebesar 62,13 mAh/g. ABSTRACTThe use of Li-ion batteries has increased with the increasing of portable electronic media. Li-ion batteries have a life cycle hence a recycling process is needed in order to reduce the potential hazard of waste while increasing the economic value of unused battery material, especially its cathode active material. This study used Lithium Nickel Cobalt Oxide (NCA) cathode scrap to be regenerated which NCA material has high energy density and high capacity. The pretreatment process is one of the determinants in the subsequent recycling process. In this study, the effect of heating on the pretreatment process was carried out with variation temperatures of 500-800 0 C to obtain powder which will be recycled. The combination process of the leaching and co-precipitation was used to regenerate the cathode active material. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) was performed to determine leaching efficiency using 4M H2SO4 at 40 0 C for 3 hours. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that NCA material has been successfully regenerated which the diffraction peaks of NCA material was in accordance with 106 S. U. Muzayanha dkk., Pengaruh Pemanasan pada Proses Pretreatment ………. JCPDS standards. The morphology of NCA material was tested using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical testing uses a cylindrical battery at 2.7-4.2 Volt which the initial specific discharge capacity of the power is 62.13 mAh / g.

Recycling of Lithium‐Ion Batteries—Current State of the Art, Circular Economy, and Next Generation Recycling

“…[ 38,119 ] Nevertheless, by choosing an appropriate temperature range, the subsequent recovery of lithium and other metals can be supported. [ 114,117,119–122 ]…”

Studi Tekno-Ekonomi Proses Pirometalurgi Daur Ulang Baterai Lithium Manganese Oxide (Lmo) Dan Lithium Iron Phosphate (Lfp)

“…Riset tekno-ekonomi daur ulang baterai terfokus di luar negeri, sedangkan di Indonesia belum ada. Hingga saat ini, Indonesia masih banyak terfokus pada riset teknologi dan optimalisasi proses, serta beberapa kajian kebijakan daur ulang baterai (Suryohendrasworo, 2021); (Muzayanha et al, 2019); (Fatimah et al, 2020); (Lander et al, 2021). Riset ini diharapkan dapat memberikan referensi pembangunan daur ulang baterai di Indonesia karena Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (KESDM) memproyeksikan jumlah kendaraan listrik meningkat menjadi 15 juta unit pada tahun 2030, sehingga limbah baterai juga diprediksi akan turut mengalami peningkatan kedepannya (Rizaty, 2022).…”

Regeneration of Spent Nickel Catalyst via Hydrometallurgical Method

“…This is also applied to the NiO-HC sample where the Na and Cl is present in significant amount. Thus, it can be concluded that double replacement reaction occur during the reaction process can be expressed in the following reaction [17,18] (3-6): Leaching reaction: 𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 (𝑠𝑠) + 2𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 (𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎) → 𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 2(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎) + 𝐻𝐻 2 𝑁𝑁 (𝑙𝑙)…”