“…Simultaneous thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) was performed on starting mixtures on Netzsch STA 409c equipment, at 10 °C min −1 heating rate in air atmosphere up to 1450 °C. To understand the sintering behavior, thermomechanical analysis on vertical prismatic sample (20.0 × 3.5 × 3.5 mm 3 ) was also performed, with a 5 °C min −1 heating rate in air atmosphere up to 1450 °C (TMA Rigaku Evo plus II, Japan); this has been recently carried out for ceramic based composites [21][22][23].…”
Aluminum titanate Al 2 TiO 5 materials were successfully processed from different fine commercial powders and characterized. Particularly, two calcined aluminas were compared through a multitechnique approach including differential thermal analysis and dilatometry together with structural, microestructural, and mechanical characterization. This allowed the description of all the thermochemical processes during thermal treatment. Developed phases were established. Relatively dense ceramics were obtained, and complex microstructures were described with interlocked grains and an interconnected microcrack matrix that do not jeopardize the material integrity. Multistep sintering and reaction sintering processes were observed in both samples. The first stage consists of the sintering of the starting powders (alumina and titania). A second sintering stage of the starting powders was observed for both samples as well. Once advanced, the second one is overlapped with Al 2 TiO 5 formation that starts at 1380 °C and finishes at 1440 °C. They affect crack development and, in consequence, the thermal behavior. The lower alumina particle size enhances the sintering and reaction advance processes. In the technological temperature range (room temperature-1000 °C), low or even negative thermal expansion behaviors were observed in the developed materials. This, together with the mechanical behavior, encourages structural applications with high thermomechanical solicitations of Al 2 TiO 5 based materials.
“…Simultaneous thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) was performed on starting mixtures on Netzsch STA 409c equipment, at 10 °C min −1 heating rate in air atmosphere up to 1450 °C. To understand the sintering behavior, thermomechanical analysis on vertical prismatic sample (20.0 × 3.5 × 3.5 mm 3 ) was also performed, with a 5 °C min −1 heating rate in air atmosphere up to 1450 °C (TMA Rigaku Evo plus II, Japan); this has been recently carried out for ceramic based composites [21][22][23].…”
Aluminum titanate Al 2 TiO 5 materials were successfully processed from different fine commercial powders and characterized. Particularly, two calcined aluminas were compared through a multitechnique approach including differential thermal analysis and dilatometry together with structural, microestructural, and mechanical characterization. This allowed the description of all the thermochemical processes during thermal treatment. Developed phases were established. Relatively dense ceramics were obtained, and complex microstructures were described with interlocked grains and an interconnected microcrack matrix that do not jeopardize the material integrity. Multistep sintering and reaction sintering processes were observed in both samples. The first stage consists of the sintering of the starting powders (alumina and titania). A second sintering stage of the starting powders was observed for both samples as well. Once advanced, the second one is overlapped with Al 2 TiO 5 formation that starts at 1380 °C and finishes at 1440 °C. They affect crack development and, in consequence, the thermal behavior. The lower alumina particle size enhances the sintering and reaction advance processes. In the technological temperature range (room temperature-1000 °C), low or even negative thermal expansion behaviors were observed in the developed materials. This, together with the mechanical behavior, encourages structural applications with high thermomechanical solicitations of Al 2 TiO 5 based materials.
“…The great stiffness of granite stone is attributed to its high quartz content, moreover the great proportions of silica and alumina in G are coexisting with the abundant aluminosilicate phases in the XRD pattern, Figure 1. 27 Figure 1.X-Ray Diffraction (X-RD) of granite waste powder.…”
Section: Methodology and Preliminary Characterization Of Constituentsmentioning
The objective of the present study is to formulate added value polymer granite composite (PGC) based on granite (G) waste scraps as filler and unsaturated polyester (UP) obtained from chemically recycled post-consumed poly (ethyleneterephthalate) wastes (PET) as a matrix to be used in different candidate applications. Both wastes were collected from local dumping sites. Factors affecting the properties of the acquired PGC products e.g. polymer constitutions, granite/styrenated polyester ratios were studied systematically. The reached polymer granite composite has many advantages e.g. low density, very small water absorption percentage, short curing and hardening time, acceptable compressive strength values and significant thermal stability. Moreover, the environmental reward due to the utilisation of accumulation of the two problematic solid wastes is certainly a gain.
“…At a sintering temperature of 1075°C, the bulk density of glass-ceramic is 2.49 g⋅cm -3 and the flexural strength is as high as 125 MPa. With increasing rate of sintering heating, the densification, crystallinity and mechanical properties were all completely improved [61]. Figure 4 shows the effect of sintering heating rate on flexural strength, Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of the sintered glassceramics.…”
Section: Sintered Ceramics and Glass-ceramicsmentioning
Quarrying and processing of granite produce large amounts of waste residues. Besides being a loss of resources, improper disposal of these wastes results in pollution of the soil, water and air around the dumpsites. The main components of granite waste are quartz, feldspars and a small amount of biotite. Due to its hard and dense texture, high strength, corrosion resistance and wear resistance, granite waste may be recycled into building materials, composite materials and fine ceramics, effectively improving their mechanical properties and durability. By using the flotation process, high value-added products such as potash feldspar and albite may be retrieved from granite waste. Also, granite waste has the potential for application in soil remediation and sewage treatment. This review presents recent advances in granite waste reutilization, and points out the problems associated with its use, and the related countermeasures, indicating the scale of high value-added reutilization of granite waste.
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