Effect of heating temperature and cooling rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a Mo-rich two phase α + β titanium alloy

Mahadule, Diksha; Khatirkar, Rajesh K.; Gupta, Aman; Kumar, Ranjeet

doi:10.1557/s43578-020-00100-6

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…These alloys consist of a single body-centered cubic (BCC) phase microstructure; however, new phases such as orthorhombic martensite (α ′′ ), hexagonal close-packed (HCP) martensite (α ′ ) or HCP omega (ω) are formed when subjected to plastic deformation and/or heat treatment [7]. The consideration of the β-transus temperature is crucial when heating β-Ti alloys; above this temperature, there is a complete β-phase, whereas heating below it causes the evolution of α and β phases [8]. Similarly, the cooling rate also affects the microstructure; a very fast cooling rate causes the diffusionless transformation from β→α ′′ , whereas the low-temperature aging of deformed β-Ti alloys leads to the evolution of ω and α phases [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the formation of Laves phases, NbC, TiN, and sigma (σ) phase in 27Cr-4Mo-2Ni super-FSS affects the recrystallization phenomena [22,33]. It has been observed that if careful selection of annealing temperature has not been made, there is a chance of forming the α-phase in metastable β-Ti alloys, which restricts RT deformation [8,34]. FSS also suffers from the unwanted ridging phenomenon during forming, which significantly affects the surface finish of the product.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of Microstructure and Crystallographic Texture in Deformed and Annealed BCC Metals and Alloys: A Review

Tandon,

Park,

Khatirkar

et al. 2024

Metals

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Dislocation slips, twinning, shear banding (SBs), strain localization, and martensite formation are a few deformation modes that are activated in BCC metals and alloys. Strain, strain rate, and deformation temperature are other parameters that determine the activation of deformation modes in BCC alloys. This review focuses on several BCC alloys, such as beta-titanium (β-Ti), tantalum (Ta), and ferritic stainless steels (FSSs), all of which exhibit differences in deformation behavior. These alloys often undergo thermo-mechanical processing (TMP) to enhance their mechanical properties. TMP leads to the evolution of deformation-induced products, such as SBs, strain-induced martensite (SIM), strain localizations, and mechanical/deformation twins (DTs) during plastic deformation, while also influencing crystallographic texture. The deformation modes in β-Ti depend upon the stability of the β-phase (i.e., β-stabilizers); low-stability alloys show the formation of SIM along with slips and twins, whereas in highly stable β-Ti alloys, only slip+twin modes are observed as the primary deformation mechanisms. In the case of Ta, slip activity predominantly occurs on {110} planes, but it can also occur on planes with the highest resolved shear stress. The breakdown of Schmid’s law or non-Schmid behavior for Ta and Ta-W alloys has been discussed in detail. The cold rolling (CR) of FSSs results in the formation of ridges, which is an undesirable phenomenon leading to very low formability. The microstructures of the rolled sheets consist of elongated ferrite grains with in-grain SBs, which are preferentially formed in the γ-fiber-oriented grains. The formation of finer grains after recrystallization improves both the mechanical properties and ridging resistance in FSS. Therefore, this review comprehensively reports on the impact of TMP on the microstructural and crystallographic texture evolution during the plastic deformation and annealing treatment of β-Ti, Ta alloys, and FSSs in BCC materials, using results obtained from electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Microstructure and Crystallographic Texture in Deformed and Annealed BCC Metals and Alloys: A Review

Tandon,

Park,

Khatirkar

et al. 2024

Metals

Self Cite

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“…Studies examining the impacts of cooling rate during solution treatment have shown that WQ following isothermal holding causes the change of β-phase to α'-phase, while slower, more gradual cooling causes the production of coarser globular and the change of β-phase to α + β lamellar, which in turn causes the hardness to diminish 18 , 19 . Additionally, following WQ plus aging, α' turns into α + β 1 , 8 , whereas, after relatively slow cooling, each produced lamella becomes considerably coarser 21 – 23 . In a similar vein, when using a reduced cooling rate during solution treatment, the hardness after aging is lower 23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of heat treatment processes on microstructure evolution, tensile and tribological properties of Ti6Al4V alloy

Elshaer

El‐Hadad

Nofal

2023

Sci Rep

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The influence of heat treatment processes on microstructure, tensile and tribological properties of Ti6Al4V alloy was investigated. The specimens were heated for 30 min at 925 °C and then cooled at various rates by water quenching, air cooling, and furnace cooling. After that, the samples were aged for four hours at 600 °C. Three phases make up the microstructure: primary α-phase (αp), secondary α-phase (αs), and retained β-phase (βr). Cooling in the air and water followed by aging (AC + Aging and WQ + Aging) resulted, αs-phase precipitating inside βr-phase. The highest hardness of 35 HRC was recorded for WQ + Aging specimen due to existence of a high amount of βr-phase and precipitation of αs-phase. On the other hand, the lowest hardness of 26 HRC was obtained for the FC specimen. AC specimen achieved the highest elongation value of 14%. However, WQ + Aging specimen exhibited the highest ultimate tensile strength of 1028 MPa. For WQ + Aging and AC + Aging specimens, the ideal balance of strength and elongation was discovered. The wear resistance of solution-treated specimens was significantly improved by the aging process and 125% improvement could be achieved in WQ compared to WQ + Aging specimens.

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Correlation of Alpha Phase and Its Texture Stability in Heat-Treated Ti-6.5%Al-4.4%V-0.15%Fe Alloy

Gupta

Shankar

Mahadule

et al. 2023

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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Effect of heating temperature and cooling rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a Mo-rich two phase α + β titanium alloy

Cited by 7 publications

References 58 publications

Evolution of Microstructure and Crystallographic Texture in Deformed and Annealed BCC Metals and Alloys: A Review

Evolution of Microstructure and Crystallographic Texture in Deformed and Annealed BCC Metals and Alloys: A Review

Influence of heat treatment processes on microstructure evolution, tensile and tribological properties of Ti6Al4V alloy

Correlation of Alpha Phase and Its Texture Stability in Heat-Treated Ti-6.5%Al-4.4%V-0.15%Fe Alloy

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