Effect of Heavy Metals on Root Growth and the Use of Roots as Test Objects

Ivanov, V. B.; Zhukovskaya, N. V.

doi:10.1134/s1021443721070049

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…It was observed that, in most plants, the seed germination rate decreased with the increasing concentration of Li in the medium. The exposure of plants to metals is reported to affect the root growth process in plants [34]. Specifically, root elongation is used as an early indicator of the toxic effects of chemical compounds on plants (US EPA, 1996; APAT-RTI CTN_TES 1/2004, 2004).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, even if an effect of salinity increase in the medium of plants cannot be completely ruled out, the work by Kalinowska et al [13] suggests that, at the Li concentrations used in these experiments, such an effect can be considered negligible. The exposure of plants to metals is reported to affect the root growth process in plants [34]. Specifically, root elongation is used as an early indicator of the toxic effects of chemical compounds on plants (US EPA, 1996; APAT-RTI CTN_TES 1/2004, 2004).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lithium Toxicity in Lepidium sativum L. Seedlings: Exploring Li Accumulation’s Impact on Germination, Root Growth, and DNA Integrity

Iannilli,

D’Onofrio,

Marzi

et al. 2024

Environments

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The predicted increase in demand for minor metals for modern technologies raises major concerns regarding potential environmental concentration increases. Among the minor metals, lithium (Li) is particularly noteworthy due to growing demand for battery production. Concerns have been raised about the impact on biota of increasing Li concentrations in the environment. To expand the knowledge of the effects of Li on plants, garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.), a model plant for ecotoxicity assay, was tested in a 72 h test in Petri plates. The results showed a stimulation effect of Li at the lowest concentration (Li chloride 10 mg L−1) on seed germination and primary root elongation. Conversely, higher Li concentrations (50 and 150 mg L−1) caused a progressive impairment in both parameters. A genotoxic effect of Li on root cells, evaluated through the alkaline comet assay, was observed at each concentration tested, particularly at 150 mg L−1 Li chloride. Elemental analysis showed that Li accumulated in the seedlings in a dose–concentration relationship, confirming its ability to be readily absorbed and accumulated in plants. Given the likely increase in Li levels in the environment, further research is required to clarify the toxicity mechanisms induced by Li on growth and nucleic acids.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium Toxicity in Lepidium sativum L. Seedlings: Exploring Li Accumulation’s Impact on Germination, Root Growth, and DNA Integrity

Iannilli,

D’Onofrio,

Marzi

et al. 2024

Environments

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“…Plants growing in TE-contaminated soils show visible symptoms of TE influence, such as inhibition of biomass accumulation, changes in leaf thickness, leaf chlorosis, senescence due to TE uptake, and morphological changes [7]. According to Ivanov and Zhukovskaya [8], TEs causing a slowdown of growth can be manifested in root development at the subcellular level (cell division, chromosomal aberrations, and mitotic anomalies (chromosomal abnormalities)). The influence of the presence of TEs can be observed in the anatomy of the roots.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicontamination Toxicity Evaluation in the Model Plant Lactuca sativa L.

Zemanová,

Lhotská,

Novák

et al. 2024

Plants

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Many contaminated soils contain several toxic elements (TEs) in elevated contents, and plant–TE interactions can differ from single TE contamination. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of combined contamination (As, Cd, Pb, Zn) on the physiological and metabolic processes of lettuce. After 45 days of exposure, TE excess in soil resulted in the inhibition of root and leaf biomass by 40 and 48%, respectively. Oxidative stress by TE accumulation was indicated by markers—malondialdehyde and 5-methylcytosine—and visible symptoms of toxicity (leaf chlorosis, root browning) and morpho-anatomical changes, which were related to the change in water regime (water potential decrease). An analysis of free amino acids (AAs) indicated that TEs disturbed N and C metabolism, especially in leaves, increasing the total content of free AAs and their families. Stress-induced senescence by TEs suggested changes in gas exchange parameters (increase in transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration), photosynthetic pigments (decrease in chlorophylls and carotenoids), a decrease in water use efficiency, and the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II. These results confirmed that the toxicity of combined contamination significantly affected the processes of lettuce by damaging the antioxidant system and expressing higher leaf sensitivity to TE multicontamination.

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“…Some metals, such as copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe), are essential for most living organisms, while the biological roles of cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As), with rare exceptions, are unknown and they are toxic even at fairly low concentrations in the environment [1][2][3]. When essential elements are supplied in supraoptimal quantities, multiple toxic effects on a large number of physiological processes can be observed, as was shown for Cd, Pb [4,5], Ni [6,7], As [8], Zn [9] and other metals and metalloids [2,3], which is often accompanied by impaired growth and morphogenesis [10]. Due to human activity, the release of metal(loid)s into the environment has increased significantly in recent decades, including contamination resulting from mining, the intensive use of fertilizers, the combustion of liquid and solid fuels, and the development of metal smelting production [1,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochelatins: Sulfur-Containing Metal(loid)-Chelating Ligands in Plants

Серегин

Кожевникова

2023

IJMS

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Phytochelatins (PCs) are small cysteine-rich peptides capable of binding metal(loid)s via SH-groups. Although the biosynthesis of PCs can be induced in vivo by various metal(loid)s, PCs are mainly involved in the detoxification of cadmium and arsenic (III), as well as mercury, zinc, lead, and copper ions, which have high affinities for S-containing ligands. The present review provides a comprehensive account of the recent data on PC biosynthesis, structure, and role in metal(loid) transport and sequestration in the vacuoles of plant cells. A comparative analysis of PC accumulation in hyperaccumulator plants, which accumulate metal(loid)s in their shoots, and in the excluders, which accumulate metal(loid)s in their roots, investigates the question of whether the endogenous PC concentration determines a plant’s tolerance to metal(loid)s. Summarizing the available data, it can be concluded that PCs are not involved in metal(loid) hyperaccumulation machinery, though they play a key role in metal(loid) homeostasis. Unraveling the physiological role of metal(loid)-binding ligands is a fundamental problem of modern molecular biology, plant physiology, ionomics, and toxicology, and is important for the development of technologies used in phytoremediation, biofortification, and phytomining.

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Effect of Heavy Metals on Root Growth and the Use of Roots as Test Objects

Cited by 11 publications

References 114 publications

Lithium Toxicity in Lepidium sativum L. Seedlings: Exploring Li Accumulation’s Impact on Germination, Root Growth, and DNA Integrity

Lithium Toxicity in Lepidium sativum L. Seedlings: Exploring Li Accumulation’s Impact on Germination, Root Growth, and DNA Integrity

Multicontamination Toxicity Evaluation in the Model Plant Lactuca sativa L.

Phytochelatins: Sulfur-Containing Metal(loid)-Chelating Ligands in Plants

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