Effect of Hemorrhagic and Nortriptyline-Induced Shock on the Porcine Pancreas as Evaluated by Changes in Serum Cationic Trypsin-Like Immunoreactivity

Florholmen, Jon; Revhaug, Arthur; Burhol, P. G.; Lundgren, T. I.; Giercksky, Karl Erik

doi:10.3109/00365528509089202

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…The activated enzymes and their zymogens are normally restricted to the intestinal tract lumen, although low levels may be found in the circulation. Increased levels of trypsin-like activity have been detected in the plasma of pigs subjected to hemorrhagic shock (16).…”

Section: Pancreatic Digestive Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraluminal Pancreatic Serine Protease Activity, Mucosal Permeability, and Shock

Acosta¹,

Hoyt²,

Schmid‐Schönbein³

et al. 2006

Shock

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Shock states are characterized by a pronounced activation of numerous cell types that lead to an acute inflammatory reaction. The exact mechanism by which these inflammatory cells are activated is not known. Numerous studies have implicated the gastrointestinal tract as one of the main sites for the generation of inflammatory mediators and initiation of an acute systemic response. The pancreas is known to secrete powerful digestive enzymes, and we hypothesize that they may play a leading role in the pathogenesis of multiorgan failure after the onset of shock. We carried out a search in PubMed for all relevant studies related to the role of the pancreas in shock. Studies that included information concerning the role of pancreatic enzymes in shock were then summarized. Our article serves to review the current hypotheses on how digestive enzymes produced by the pancreas may play a pivotal role in initiating the systemic inflammatory response. We further hypothesize how these enzymes and/or their products may ultimately contribute to multiorgan failure and death.

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Section: Pancreatic Digestive Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraluminal Pancreatic Serine Protease Activity, Mucosal Permeability, and Shock

Acosta¹,

Hoyt²,

Schmid‐Schönbein³

et al. 2006

Shock

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Equine trypsin: purification and development of a radio-immunoassay

et al. 2003

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-Shock is accompanied by generalised splanchnic hypoperfusion, and splanchnic organs like the pancreas can be damaged, as shown in animal experimental models and in humans, by the presence of high plasma concentrations of trypsin and other pancreatic enzymes. In order to design a radioimmunoassay technique (RIA) for the measurement of equine trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI) in biological fluids, trypsin was purified (with purity 96 %) from the equine pancreas by extraction in an acid medium, ammonium sulfate precipitations, gel filtration chromatography and, after activation of trypsinogen into trypsin, affinity chromatography. Gel polyacrylamide electrophoresis showed a monomeric enzyme with a molecular weight of 27 kDa. The purified equine trypsin served for the immunisation of rabbits in order to obtain a specific antiserum, and the labelled antigen was prepared by iodination of equine trypsin with 125 I. The RIA was based on the binding of the antigen to the antibody followed by the separation of the antigen-antibody complex by immunoprecipitation in the presence of sheep anti-rabbit gammaglobulins and the assay of the radioactivity in the precipitate. The RIA showed good sensitivity, specificity, precision, accuracy and reproducibility. The reference mean value of TLI in the plasma of healthy horses (n = 20) was 30.01 ± 6.84 ng/mL (upper confidence limit 50.52 ng/mL; p < 0.01). Three horses with non strangulating intestinal obstruction without shock showed TLI values within normal limits whereas 5 of 7 horses with strangulation obstruction showed TLI levels above the upper confidence limit. Further studies using the RIA and the enzymatic assay should be performed in order to confirm the role of the pancreas in equine intestinal obstruction. equine trypsin / purification / radio-immunoassay / reference range / intestinal obstruction ³

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Role of pancreatic enzymes in the development of multiple organ failure after shock

Malinoski

Barrios

Kim

et al. 2008

Journal of Organ Dysfunction

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Effect of Hemorrhagic and Nortriptyline-Induced Shock on the Porcine Pancreas as Evaluated by Changes in Serum Cationic Trypsin-Like Immunoreactivity

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Intraluminal Pancreatic Serine Protease Activity, Mucosal Permeability, and Shock

Intraluminal Pancreatic Serine Protease Activity, Mucosal Permeability, and Shock

Equine trypsin: purification and development of a radio-immunoassay

Role of pancreatic enzymes in the development of multiple organ failure after shock

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