Effect of heparan sulfate and gold nanoparticles on muscle development during embryogenesis

Abstract

Purpose It was hypothesized that heparan sulfate (HS) as an essential compound for myogenesis and nanoparticles of gold (nano-Au) as highly reactive compounds can affect muscle development as a consequence of molecular regulation of muscle cell formation, and that these effects may be enhanced by a complex of HS conjugated with nano-Au. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of administration of nano-Au, HS, and a nano-Au+HS complex on the morphological and molecular characteristics of breast muscle during embryogenesis. Methods Chicken embryos were used as in vivo model. Fertilized chicken eggs (n = 350) were randomly divided into the control group and the groups treated with nano-Au, HS, and nano-Au+HS. The experimental solutions were given in ovo on the first day of incubation and the embryos were evaluated on day 20 of incubation. The methods included biochemical indices in blood, immunohistochemistry, microscopy (transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, confocal), and gene expression at the messenger ribonucleic acid and protein levels. Results The treatments did not adversely affect mortality, organ weight, and homeostasis of the embryos. HS stimulated the development and maturation of breast muscle by increasing the number of nuclei, satellite cells, and muscle fibers and affected the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor-2 and paired-box transcription factor-7. Furthermore, the nano-Au+HS complex contributed to the increased number of myocytes and nuclei in chicken embryo muscles. Conclusion The results indicate that the administration of HS and nano-Au affects muscle development and that this effect is enhanced by conjugating HS with nano-Au.

Tannic acid-modified silver nanoparticles as a novel therapeutic agent against Acanthamoeba

“…AgTANPs were prepared by mixing the heated aqueous solution of AgNO 3 (95.2 g, 0.017%) with the aqueous solution of tannic acid (0.6 g, 5% C 76 H 52 O 46 Sigma-Aldrich). The long-term stability of the colloidal dispersions of all tested NPs (zeta potential) was measured and confirmed by the electrophoretic lightscattering method with a Zetasizer Nano ZS, model ZEN3500 (Malvern Instruments, Worcestershire, UK) (Orlowski et al 2014;Urbańska et al 2015;Zielinska et al 2011).…”

Evaluation of in vitro effect of selected contact lens solutions conjugated with nanoparticles in terms of preventive approach to public health risk generated by Acanthamoeba strains

“…The hydrocolloids of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were produced by an electric non-explosive method from high purity metals and demineralized water (Polish Patent 380649) obtained from Nano-Tech, Warsaw, Poland. The long-term stability of the colloidal dispersions of all tested NPs (zeta potential) was measured and confirmed by electrophoretic light-scattering method with a Zetasizer Nano ZS, model ZEN3500 (Malvern Instruments, Worcs., UK) [21,22]. The well-dispersed nanofluids were used as a stock solution and appropriately diluted to various nanoparticles concentrations (ppm), ranging between 0.25-2.5 ppm, and used in subsequent assays of the cytotoxicity and anti-amoebic activity.…”

Vascular biomechanical properties in mice with smooth muscle specific deletion of Ndst1

“…Actc1 is up ∼ 2 fold in vascular smooth muscle in mice lacking Ndst1 . Previous work has shown that heparan sulfate does alter muscle development [62]. Actn2 , is also found primarily in skeletal muscle and heart.…”