Effect of herbicides on epicuticular wax of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and infection by Pyrenopeziza brassicae

Rawlinson, C. J.; Muthyalu, G.; Turner, R. H.

doi:10.1016/s0007-1536(78)80071-0

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Moreover, the erosion of the cuticle and the epicuticular wax, resulting from the adjuvant effect, facilitates penetration ( Figure 1E). Sprays in leaves of Brassica napus with dalapon, carbutamide and propyzamide reduced the amount and altered the shape of epicuticular wax, which favored the infection by Cylindrosporium concentricum (Rawlinson et al, 1978).…”

Section: How Do Herbicides Affect the Severity Of Diseases?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even when that is done, part of the product may be dragged by wind and reach the crops by drifting. In the first case, although there is no toxic effect for the crop, adjuvants in the commercial formula of the herbicides may cause loss of turgor and/or degradation of trichomes, degradation of the cuticle and the epicuticular wax, damage to the stomatal complex and degradation to the epidermis (Rawlinson et al, 1978;Tuffi-Santos et al, 2009;Santos et al, 2015;Tuffi-Santos et al, 2015). In the second case, in addition to the adjuvant effect, the product will also cause an herbicide effect, which, in several cases, results on the alteration of the physiology and in the metabolism of the cultivated plants (Machado et al, 2010;Langaro et al, 2014).…”

Section: How Do Herbicides Affect the Severity Of Diseases?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ação herbicida na severidade de doenças em plantas cultivadas

Santos

Faria²,

Barros³

et al. 2016

RBHerbicidas

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A severidade de doenças em plantas pode ser afetada por práticas, como a aplicação de herbicidas para o controle de plantas daninhas. Por isso, objetivou-se apresentar e discutir a relação do uso de herbicidas na severidade de doenças de plantas cultivadas. Após contato, os patógenos tentam infectar e colonizar os hospedeiros, enquanto que estes também utilizam de mecanismos para se defender da infecção. Os tricomas, a cutícula e as ceras epicuticulares são barreiras à penetração. Compostos fenólicos, enzimas e fitoalexinas são substâncias sintetizadas pelas plantas e tóxicas aos patógenos. A ação herbicida influencia a severidade de doenças de maneira indireta sobre os mecanismos de defesa das plantas ou de forma direta, quando apresenta efeito tóxico aos patógenos. O efeito de adjuvantes presentes na formulação comercial dos herbicidas provoca degradação dos tricomas, das ceras epicuticulares e da cutícula, favorecendo a penetração dos patógenos. Efeitos prejudiciais na fisiologia e metabolismo secundário das plantas, provocados por herbicidas, afeta a síntese de compostos de defesa supracitados. Entretanto, as moléculas herbicidas podem inibir a germinação de esporos e crescimento de hifas fúngicas, o que implica na redução da infecção e colonização. Pontos necróticos decorrentes da ação herbicida podem tornar as plantas menos propensas à ocorrência de ferrugens, míldios e oídios que são causadas por fungos biotróficos. Os herbicidas ainda possuem efeitos secundários como a redução populacional de plantas hospedeiras alternativas e de insetos vetores. A relação entre herbicidas e severidade de doenças em culturas figura como importante ferramenta para o manejo fitossanitário de forma integrada.

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Section: How Do Herbicides Affect the Severity Of Diseases?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: How Do Herbicides Affect the Severity Of Diseases?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ação herbicida na severidade de doenças em plantas cultivadas

Santos

Faria²,

Barros³

et al. 2016

RBHerbicidas

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition to cultivar-specific resistance, pre-existing structural host defence mechanisms such as cuticle thickness and composition may provide resistance. Increased susceptibility to P. brassicae has been reported after application of herbicides such as dalapon (2,2-dichloroproponoc acid) that alter the epicuticular wax structure (Rawlinson et al 1978a). Plant tolerance and disease escape can also play an important part in minimising yield loss by restricting pathogen penetration and the amount of inoculum.…”

Section: Deployment Of Cultivar Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Host–pathogen interactions in relation to management of light leaf spot disease (caused by Pyrenopeziza brassicae) on Brassica species

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Light leaf spot, caused by Pyrenopeziza brassicae, is the most damaging disease problem in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in the United Kingdom. According to recent survey data, the severity of epidemics has increased progressively across the UK, with yield losses of up to £160M per annum in England and more severe epidemics in Scotland. Light leaf spot is a polycyclic disease, with primary inoculum consisting of airborne ascospores produced on diseased debris from the previous cropping season. Splash-dispersed conidia produced on diseased leaves are the main component of the secondary inoculum. Pyrenopeziza brassicae is also able to infect and cause considerable yield losses on vegetable brassicas, especially Brussels sprouts. There may be spread of light leaf spot among different Brassica species. Since they have a wide host range and frequent occurrence of sexual reproduction, P. brassicae populations are likely to have considerable genetic diversity, and evidence suggests population variations between different geographic regions, which need further study. Available disease-management tools are not sufficient to provide adequate control of the disease. There is a need to identify new sources of resistance, which can be integrated with fungicide applications to achieve sustainable management of light leaf spot. Several major resistance genes and quantitative trait loci have been identified in previous studies, but rapid improvements in the understanding of molecular mechanisms underpinning B. napus-P. brassicae interactions can be expected through exploitation of novel genetic and genomic information for brassicas and extracellular fungal pathogens.

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“…Sida spinosa L. (prickly sida) was much less affected by surfactant exposure. Rawlinson et al (1978) working with four cultivars (Primor, Eurora, Victor and Rapol) of Brassica napus L. ssp oleifera (rape) reported that commercial formulations of the herbicides dalapon (sodium 2,2-dichloropropionate), carbetamide [N-ethyl-2(phenylcarbamoyloxy )propionamide] and propyzamide [3,5 -dichloro-N -( 1 , I-dimeth y lpropynl) benzamide] alter the topography of leaf epicuticular wax. In particular, dalapon and carbetamide tended to decrease the area of leaf surface occupied by upright rodlets of wax and flatten the underlying dendritic wax platelets of cultivars Primor and Eurora, both low erucic acid cultivars.…”

Section: Formulation Effects On Herbicide Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Formulation and Adjuvants on the Foliar Location and Physical Form of the Active Ingredient

Falk¹

1994

Interactions Between Adjuvants, Agrochemicals and Target Organisms

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Effect of herbicides on epicuticular wax of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and infection by Pyrenopeziza brassicae

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Ação herbicida na severidade de doenças em plantas cultivadas

Ação herbicida na severidade de doenças em plantas cultivadas

Host–pathogen interactions in relation to management of light leaf spot disease (caused by Pyrenopeziza brassicae) on Brassica species

Influence of Formulation and Adjuvants on the Foliar Location and Physical Form of the Active Ingredient

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